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TNAU Agritech Portal :: Crop Protection

Shoot and fruit borer: Earias vitella, E. insulana

Symptoms of damage
  • Terminal shoots wither and droop
  • Shedding of buds and flowers
  • Bore hole in fruits and feed
  • Deformed fruits
Larvae of E. vitella feeding on okra fruit

Identification of pest

E. insulana

  • Larva – Brown with dorsum showing a white median longitudinal streak.
  • Pupa – Brown and boat shaped
  • Adult–  Forewing – uniformly silvery green

E. Vitella

  • Egg: Sculptured egg and sky blue in colour
  • Larva –brownish with white streaks dorsally and pale yellow ventrally
  • AdultForewing – pale with a wedge shaped green band in the middle

 

Adult 
Eggs of E. vitella laid on okra fruit
Larva
Adult

Management
  • Set up pheromone trap @ 12/ha.
  • Collection and destruction of affected fruits.
  • Release of egg parasite Trichogramma chilonis @ 1.0 lakh/ha.
  • Release of 1st instar larvae of green lace wing predator Chrysoperla carnea @ 10,000/ha.
  • Dust carbaryl 10 % DP @ 25 kg /ha or spray Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/lit.or spray any one of the following insecticide
Insecticide

ml or g/lit

Azadirachtin 0.03% WSP (300 ppm) 5.0  g/lit
Azadirachtin 5% Neem Extract Concentrate 5.0  ml/10 lit
Emamectin benzoate 5 % SG 3.0 g/10 lit
Phosalone 35 % EC 1.5 ml /lit
Pyridalyl 10 % EC 1.0  ml/lit
Quinalphos 25 % EC 8.0  ml/10 lit

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Bhendi fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage
  • Feed on the flowers
  • Circular boreholes on fruits
  • Larva thrust only part of their body inside the fruit feed

Identification of pest
  • Eggs – are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
  • Larva - shows colour variation from greenish to brown
  • Pupa – brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, and pod
  • AdultFemale brownish yellow stout moth, Male – Pale greenish in colour

Management
  • Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae
  • Grow simultaneously 40 days old American tall marigold and 25 days old tomato seedling at 1:10 rows to attract Helicoverpa adults for egg laying.
  • Setup pheromone trap with Helilure at 15/ha
  • Six releases of T. chilonis @ 50,000/ha per week coinciding with flowering time
  • Release Chrysoperla carnea at weekly interval at 50,000 eggs or grubs / ha from 30 DAS
  • Spray HaNPV at 1.5*10 12 POB/ha along with cotton seed oil 300 g/ha to kill larvae.
  • Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/lit or B. thuringiensis 2 g/lit
  • Do not spray insecticides after maturity of fruits.

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Shoot weevil, Alcidodes affaber

Symptoms of damage
  • Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
  • Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots

Identification of pest
  • Grubs - creamy yellow, apodous
  • Adults - dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra

Management
  • Soil application of Carbofuran 3 G at 30 kg or Aldicarb 10 G at 10 kg/ha on 20 DAS and earthed up.
  • Basal application of FYM 25 t/ha or 250 kg/ha of neem cake.

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Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis

Symptoms of damage
  • Swellings on the stem just above the ground level.
  • Young plants are invariably killed
  • Older plants - lack vigor and strength, and when strong winds blow, these plants break at the nodes.

Identification of pest
  • Larva – grub, white in colour without leg (apodous)
  • Adult - very small weevil, dark in colour with two small white patches on the elytra

Management
  • Neem cake @ 500 kg / ha at the time of last ploughing
  • Carbofuran 3G @ 30Kg or phorate 10 G @ 10 kg / ha

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Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata

Symptoms of damage
  • Caterpillar rolled the leaves
  • Scrabing the chlorophyll content and feed inside
  • Defoliation
Rolled leaves

Identification of pest
  • Larva - is bright green (glistening) with dark head and prothoracic shield.
  • Adult- moth with yellow wings having brown wavy markings
Adult

Management
  • Collect and destroy rolled leaves.
  • Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/lit or phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit.

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Semilooper : Anomis flava,

Symptoms of damage
  • Caterpillar fed on the leaves
  • Defoliation

Identification of pest
i) Anomis flava
  • Larva - Green coloured semi looper, with five longitudinal white stripes
ii) Xanthodes graelsi
  • Larva – Green coloured Semi looper, with horseshoe markings on each segment
 iii) Tarache nitidula
  • Larva –Green coloured semi looper
Adult

Management
  • Spray phosalone 35 EC @ 2ml/lit.

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Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci

Symptoms of damage
  • Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue
  • Severe infestation results in premature defoliation
  • Development of sooty mould
  • Vector of yellow vein mosaic virus

Identification of pest
  • Nymph - is greenish yellow, oval in outline
  • Adult- is minute insects with yellow body covered with a white waxy bloom
Adult

Management
  • Phosalone 35 EC at 2.5 l/ha
  • Quinalphos 25 EC at 2.0 l/ha
  • Triazophos 40 EC 2.0 l/ha

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Jassids: Amrasca devastans

Symptoms of damage
  • Tender leaves become yellow.
  • The margin of the leaves start curling downwards and reddening sets in.
  • In the case of severe infestation leaves get a bronze which is typical “hopper burn” symptom.
  • The margin of the leaves get broken and crumble into pieces when crushed.
  • The leaves dried up and shed and growth of the crop is retarded.

Identification of pest
  • Nymph - is light green, translucent, wingless found between the veins of leaves on the under surface
  • Adult - is green, wedge shaped leafhopper.

Management
Spray any one of the following insecticides (500 l spray fluid/ha)
  • Imidacloprid 200 SL at 100 ml/ha
  • Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
  • Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha
  • Phosphamidon 40 SL 600 ml/ha.
  • NSKE 5%

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Aphid – Aphis gossypii

Symptoms of damage
  • Infesting tender shoots and under surface of the leaves.
  • Curling and crinkling of leaves
  • Stunted growth
  • Development of black sooty mould due to the excretion of honey dew

Identification of pest
  • Nymphs: Yellowish or greenish brown found on the undersurface of leaves.
  • Adults: - are greenish brown, soft bodied and small insects
Aphid -Adults

Management
Spray any one of the following insecticides (500 l spray fluid/ha)
    • Imidacloprid 200 SL at 100 ml/ha
    • Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
    • Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha
    • Phosphamidon 40 SL 600 ml/ha.
    • NSKE 5%

      Monitoring the activities of the alate adult by setting up yellow sticky traps

     

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Red cotton bug: Dysdercus cingulatus

Symptoms of damage
  • Infested seeds become discoloured and shrivelled

Identification of pest
  • Nymphs and Adults –reddish bugs with white bands on the abdomen and black markings on the wings.

Management
  • Conserve the biocontrol agent Harpactor costalis predaceous on nymph and adult
  • Spray phosphamidon 40 SL @ 600 ml/ha

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