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Fruit Borer Helicoverpa armigera

Symptoms of damage
  • Young larvae feed on tender foliage
  • Mature larvae bore circular holes
  • Thrust only a part of its body into fruit and eat the inner content
Larval feeding Larval feeding Adult damaged fruit

Identification of pest

Eggs

Eggs are sculptured and creamy white in colour, laid singly

Larva:
Shows colour variation from greenish to brown.
It has dark brown grey lines on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark band

Pupa
brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris
Mature larvae bore circular holes

Adult 
:
Female light pale brownish yellow stout moth,
Male – Pale greenish moth V shaped speck
Forewing – olive green to pale brown with a dark brown circular spot in the centre
Hindwing-   is pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin.
Egg
Larva
Pupa
Adult

Management
  • Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae.
  • Grow simultaneously 40 days old American tall marigold and 25 days old tomato seedling at 1:16 rows
  • Setup pheromone trap with Helilure at 12/ha
  • Collection and destruction of damaged fruits and grown up caterpillars.
  • Release Trichogramma pretiosum @ 1 lakh nos. /ha/release at an interval of 7 days starting from flower initiation stage based on ETL of 10% damage.
  • For Helicoverpa armigera: HaNPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha i.e. NPV of H. armigera  0.43%  AS @ 3.0 ml/lit or 2 % AS @ 1.0 ml per lit
  • For Spodoptera litura: Sl NPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha
  • Provide poison bait with carbaryl 50 WP 1.25 kg, rice bran 12.5 kg, jaggery 1.25 kg and water 7.5 lit/ha
  • Spray Bacillus thuringiensis 2g/lit or any one of the following insecticide 
Insecticide Dose
Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) 2.0 ml/ lit.
Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC 8 ml/10 lit.
Flubendiamide 20 WG 5 g/10 lit.
Novaluron 10 % EC 7.5 ml/10 lit.
Phosalone 35 % EC 13 ml/10 lit.
Quinalphos 25 % EC 1.0 ml/ lit.

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Serpentine leaf miner: Liriomyza trifolii

Symptoms of damage
  • Leaves with serpentine mines
  • Mining symptom on leaf
  • Drying and dropping of leaves

Leaf mining damage on leaves

Leaf mining damage on leaves

Identification of pest
  • Larva: Minute orange yellowish apodous maggots.
  • Pupa: Yellowish brown pupates within mines.
  • Adult: Pale yellow in colour

Management
  • Collect and destroy mined leaves
  • Spray NSKE 5%

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Leaf eating caterpillarSpodoptera litur

Symptoms of damage
Larval feeding Scrabbing Foliar damage

Flower damage

  • Young larva scrap leaves on ventral surface
  • Grownups defoliate crops

  • Identification of pest
    • Egg: -masses appear golden brown
    • Larva: - pale greenish with dark markings
    • Gregarious in the early stages
    Adult
    • Forewings – brown colour with wavy white marking
    • Hind wings-  white colour with a brown patch along the margin

     

    Larva
    Pupa
    Adult

    Management
    • Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae
    • Grow castor along border and irrigation channel as trap crop
    • Flood the field to drive out the hibernating larvae
    • Set up light trap @1/ha
    • Pheromone traps (Pherodin SL) @ 15/ ha to attract male moths
    • Collect and destroy egg masses in castor and tomato
    • Hand pick grown up larvae and kill them
    • Spray Sl NPV @ 1.5 X 1012 POBs / ha + 2.5 Kg crude sugar + 0.1 % teepol
    • Poison bait
    • Rice bran 5 Kg + Molasses or Brown sugar 500g + Carbaryl 50 WP 500g+ 3lit of water/ha
    • Mix the ingredients well – Kept around the field in the evening hours
    • Spray chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2lit/ha or dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha

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    Whitefly:  Bemisia tabaci

    Symptoms of damage
    Fruit damage

    Silvery damage

    Tomato leaf curling

    Tomato leaf curling

    • Chlorotic spots
    • Yellowing
    • Downward curling and drying of leaves.
    • Vector of tomato leaf curl disease.

    Identification of pest
    • Egg-pear shaped, light yellowish, stalked
    • Nymph: On hatching - Oval, scale-like, greenish white
    • Adult: White, tiny, scale-like adults
    Nymphs and adult

    Management
    • Uproot and destroy the diseased leaf curl plants
    • Use nitrogen and irrigation judiciously.
    • Remove alternate weed host Abutilon indicum
    • Use yellow sticky traps at 12/ha to attract and kill insects.
    • Apply carbofuran 3% G @ 40 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticides
    Insecticide Dose
    Dimethoate 30 % EC 1.0  ml/lit.
    Malathion 50 % EC 1.5 ml/ lit.
    Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC 1.0 ml/ lit.
    Thiamethoxam 25 % WG 4.0  ml/10 lit.

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    ThripsThrips tabaciF. rankliniella

    Symptoms of damage
    • Silvery streaks on leaf surface
    • pre-mature dropping of flowers
    • Bud necrosis.
    • Vector of tomato spotted wilt virus.

    Identification of pest
    • Nymphs: yellowish
    • Adult: dark coloured with fringed wings

    Management
    • Mechanically uproot the diseased plants and destroy them
    • Use yellow sticky traps @ 15/ ha
    • Release larvae of Chrysoperla cornea @ 10,000/ ha
    • Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha

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    Striped mealybug:  Ferrisia virgata

    Symptoms of damage
    • Presence of white, cottony mealy bugs on the leaves and twigs
    • Stunted growth.

    Identification of pest
    • Crawler: Yellowish to pale white in colour
    • Adult: Females apterous, long, slender covered with white waxy secretion

     

    Mealy bug on tomato plants Spot like canker

    Management
    • Spray FORS 25g/lit or neem oil 0.5% along with teepol 1 ml/lit
    • Spray any following insecticides
    • Phosphomidon 40 SL 2ml/lit
      • Imidacloprid 80.5 SC 0.6 ml/lit
      • Chlorpriphos 20 EC 2ml/lit
      • Thiamethoxam 25 WSG 0.6 mg/lit
      • Profenophos 2ml/lit

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    Red spider mite, Tetranychus spp

    Symptoms of damage
    • Affected leaves become reddish brown and bronzy
    • Severe infestation larvae silken webbing on the leaves
    • Leaves wither and dry
    • Flower and fruit formation affected

    Identification of pest
    • Eggs – hyaline, globular laid in mass
    • Nymphs – yellowish in colour
    • Adult – red coloured small sized

    Management
    • Spray dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit or wettable sulphur 50 WP 2g/lit

    Source : sites.aces.edu , www.colostate.edu , www.dpi.qld.gov.au



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