TNAU Agritech Portal :: Crop Protection
Fruit Borer Helicoverpa armigera
Symptoms of damage |
- Young larvae feed on tender foliage
- Mature larvae bore circular holes
- Thrust only a part of its body into fruit and eat the inner content
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Larval feeding |
Larval feeding |
Adult damaged fruit |
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Identification of pest |
Eggs Eggs are sculptured and creamy white in colour, laid singly
Larva:
Shows colour variation from greenish to brown.
It has dark brown grey lines on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark band
Pupa
brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris
Mature larvae bore circular holes
Adult :
Female light pale brownish yellow stout moth,
Male – Pale greenish moth V shaped speck Forewing – olive green to pale brown with a dark brown circular spot in the centre Hindwing- is pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin. |
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Management |
- Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae.
- Grow simultaneously 40 days old American tall marigold and 25 days old tomato seedling at 1:16 rows
- Setup pheromone trap with Helilure at 12/ha
- Collection and destruction of damaged fruits and grown up caterpillars.
- Release Trichogramma pretiosum @ 1 lakh nos. /ha/release at an interval of 7 days starting from flower initiation stage based on ETL of 10% damage.
- For Helicoverpa armigera: HaNPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha i.e. NPV of H. armigera 0.43% AS @ 3.0 ml/lit or 2 % AS @ 1.0 ml per lit
- For Spodoptera litura: Sl NPV 1.5 x 1012 POBs/ha
- Provide poison bait with carbaryl 50 WP 1.25 kg, rice bran 12.5 kg, jaggery 1.25 kg and water 7.5 lit/ha
- Spray Bacillus thuringiensis 2g/lit or any one of the following insecticide
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Insecticide |
Dose |
Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) |
2.0 ml/ lit. |
Indoxacarb 14.5 % SC |
8 ml/10 lit. |
Flubendiamide 20 WG |
5 g/10 lit. |
Novaluron 10 % EC |
7.5 ml/10 lit. |
Phosalone 35 % EC |
13 ml/10 lit. |
Quinalphos 25 % EC |
1.0 ml/ lit. |
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Serpentine leaf miner: Liriomyza trifolii
Symptoms of damage |
- Leaves with serpentine mines
- Mining symptom on leaf
- Drying and dropping of leaves
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Leaf mining damage on leaves |
Leaf mining damage on leaves |
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Identification of pest |
- Larva: Minute orange yellowish apodous maggots.
- Pupa: Yellowish brown pupates within mines.
- Adult: Pale yellow in colour
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Management |
- Collect and destroy mined leaves
- Spray NSKE 5%
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Leaf eating caterpillar: Spodoptera litur
Symptoms of damage |
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- Young larva scrap leaves on ventral surface
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Grownups defoliate crops |
Identification of pest |
- Egg: -masses appear golden brown
- Larva: - pale greenish with dark markings
- Gregarious in the early stages
Adult
- Forewings – brown colour with wavy white marking
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Hind wings- white colour with a brown patch along the margin
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Management |
- Plough the soil to expose and kill the pupae
- Grow castor along border and irrigation channel as trap crop
- Flood the field to drive out the hibernating larvae
- Set up light trap @1/ha
- Pheromone traps (Pherodin SL) @ 15/ ha to attract male moths
- Collect and destroy egg masses in castor and tomato
- Hand pick grown up larvae and kill them
- Spray Sl NPV @ 1.5 X 1012 POBs / ha + 2.5 Kg crude sugar + 0.1 % teepol
- Poison bait
- Rice bran 5 Kg + Molasses or Brown sugar 500g + Carbaryl 50 WP 500g+ 3lit of water/ha
- Mix the ingredients well – Kept around the field in the evening hours
- Spray chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2lit/ha or dichlorovos 76 WSC 1 lit/ha
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Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci
Symptoms of damage |
Fruit damage
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Silvery damage |
Tomato leaf curling |
Tomato leaf curling
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- Chlorotic spots
- Yellowing
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- Downward curling and drying of leaves.
- Vector of tomato leaf curl disease.
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Identification of pest |
- Egg-pear shaped, light yellowish, stalked
- Nymph: On hatching - Oval, scale-like, greenish white
- Adult: White, tiny, scale-like adults
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Nymphs and adult |
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Management |
- Uproot and destroy the diseased leaf curl plants
- Use nitrogen and irrigation judiciously.
- Remove alternate weed host Abutilon indicum
- Use yellow sticky traps at 12/ha to attract and kill insects.
- Apply carbofuran 3% G @ 40 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticides
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Insecticide |
Dose |
Dimethoate 30 % EC |
1.0 ml/lit. |
Malathion 50 % EC |
1.5 ml/ lit. |
Oxydemeton –Methyl 25 % EC |
1.0 ml/ lit. |
Thiamethoxam 25 % WG |
4.0 ml/10 lit. |
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Thrips: Thrips tabaci, F. rankliniella
Symptoms of damage |
- Silvery streaks on leaf surface
- pre-mature dropping of flowers
- Bud necrosis.
- Vector of tomato spotted wilt virus.
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Identification of pest |
- Nymphs: yellowish
- Adult: dark coloured with fringed wings
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Management |
- Mechanically uproot the diseased plants and destroy them
- Use yellow sticky traps @ 15/ ha
- Release larvae of Chrysoperla cornea @ 10,000/ ha
- Spray methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1lit/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @1lit/ha
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Striped mealybug: Ferrisia virgata
Symptoms of damage |
- Presence of white, cottony mealy bugs on the leaves and twigs
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Identification of pest |
- Crawler: Yellowish to pale white in colour
- Adult: Females apterous, long, slender covered with white waxy secretion
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Mealy bug on tomato plants |
Spot like canker |
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Management |
- Spray FORS 25g/lit or neem oil 0.5% along with teepol 1 ml/lit
- Spray any following insecticides
- Phosphomidon 40 SL 2ml/lit
- Imidacloprid 80.5 SC 0.6 ml/lit
- Chlorpriphos 20 EC 2ml/lit
- Thiamethoxam 25 WSG 0.6 mg/lit
- Profenophos 2ml/lit
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Red spider mite, Tetranychus spp
Symptoms of damage |
- Affected leaves become reddish brown and bronzy
- Severe infestation larvae silken webbing on the leaves
- Leaves wither and dry
- Flower and fruit formation affected
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Identification of pest |
- Eggs – hyaline, globular laid in mass
- Nymphs – yellowish in colour
- Adult – red coloured small sized
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Management |
- Spray dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit or wettable sulphur 50 WP 2g/lit
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