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Crop protection :: IPM :: Soybean

Monitoring for Pest & Disease

  • Undertake community level monitoring to know change in distribution and abundance of pest.
  • Organise regular pest monitoring and assess bio control potential at every 15 days interval.
  • Record pest and disease incidence at every 5 to 10 km distance at 10 spots/ha and 5 plants/spot selected randomly.
  • Install sex pheromone trap for early deduction of S. litura @ 10 traps/ha  for mass trapping.
  • Light trap with 125 watts mercury vapour lamp can be operated for two hours in the evening to  observe phototropic insect pests.

Pre-sowing stage 

  • Deep ploughing in summer.
  • Pre-monsoon sowing MUST BE avoided.
  • Fluchloralin (1.0 to 1.5 kg a.i. /ha) or trifluralin (0.96 to 1.2 kg a.i../ha) should be incorporated into the soil for controlling broad leaved weeds.
  • Narrow row spacing (20 cm) + higher seed rate (125 kg/ha) + Oxadiazon 1.0 kg Pre emergence (PE).
  • Solarization - Practice soil solarization be giving a very light irrigation in summer morning and the covering the field by polythene, by this the irrigation water evaporates and kills the weed seeds by steaming affect.

Sowing stage

  • Use insect/disease tolerant varieties.
  • Use optimum seed rate (70-100 kg/ha).
  • Avoid pre monsoon sowing.
  • Do not cultivate when the foliage is wet.
  • Avoid excess nitrogenous fertilizers.
  • Application of potash fertilizers should be ensured.
  • Intercrop soybean either with (early maturing) Pigeon Pea variety or maize or sorghum in the sequence of 4:2 should be practised.
  • Plant seeds relatively free of the pathogen.
  • Rotate soybean with crops not susceptible to the pathogen.
  • N, P, K, and S should be applied @ 20:60- 80: 20:20 kg per ha.
  • Crop should be maintained weed-free initially for 30-45 days by resorting to two hand hoeing /weedings.
  • Seed treatment with thiram 75% DS @ 3 g/kg seed should be done. This should be followed by seed treatment with Rhizobium japonicum and Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria (PSB) @ 5 + 5 9 /kg seed.
  • Pre-emergence application of alachor (2.5 kg a.i./ha) or metalachlor (1.0 kg a. i./ha) for grassy weeds and pendimenthalin (0.75 to 1.0 kg a.i./ha) or metribuzin (0.35 to 0.525 kg a.i./ha) for controlling both grassy and broad leaved weeds.
  • Apply phorate 10 % CG (@ 10 kg/ha at the time of sowing
  • Rogue out Sclerotium affected seedlings.

Vegetative stage 

  • Collect and destroy girdle beetle infested plant parts, egg masses and gregariously caterpillar feeding larvae of hairy caterpillar and tobacco caterpillar.
  • Conserve biological control such as spiders, lizards, coccineid, beetles, techanid fly, dragon fly, damsel fly, praying mantis.
  • Apply oxydemeton methyl* 25% (@ 500- 1000 ml/ ha or dimethoate* 30% EC @ 750 -1000 ml/ha two weeks after germination in case phorate has not been applied at the time of sowing.
  • Apply mancozeb 75% WP @ 1500 - 2000 gi11a or hexaconazole 5% EC or propiconazole or triadimefon 80% EC @ 0.1% on the appearance of rust infection.

Flowering stage

  • Apply triazophos 40% EC @ 625 ml/ha or quinalphos 25% EC @) 1000 ml/ha for controlling defoliators, tobacco caterpillars, stem fly and girdle beetle.
  • Apply mancozeb 75% WP (@ 1500-2000 g/ha or hexaconazole 5% EC or propiconazole 25% EC or triadimefon 25% WP @0.1% on the appearance rust infection.

Fruiting stage

  • Poison baiting with 2% zinc phosphide at podding and green seed stage preceded by one day pre- baiting or applicationl of bromadiolone 0.005% ready to use at green seed stage for the control of rodents.

Storage

  • Seeds should be harvested at field maturity.
  • Delayed harvesting should be avoided.
  • Seeds should be dried to safe moisture levels soon after harvest (8-10%).
  • The dried seeds should be stored in hermetically sealed containers.
  • Protect the sealed containers from water, cross contamination and rodents.
  • Ensure proper ventilation around seed.
  • Completely cover plant residue by clean ploughing the field soon after harvest.

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