Infected leaves appear leathery, dark, reddish purple.

Severe infection cause rapid chlorosis and necrosis of leaf tissues, resulting in defoliation.

Lesions on petioles and stems are slightly sunken, reddish purple; severe cause defoliation.

Later, blighting of young, upper leaves over large areas, even entire fields occur.

Use healthy/certified seeds.

Previous crop debris should be removed.

Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazium (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed.

Use Mancozeb or copper oxychloride at 2.5g/l or Carbendazim 1 g/lit.