Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Zingiberaceae |
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| Ginger Plant |
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| Varieties:
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| Rio de Janeiro, Maran Nadan, Suruchi, |
| Suravi, Suprabha, Himagiri,IISR Varada, |
| IISR Mahima and IISR Rejatha Athira |
| and Karthika are the popular varieties. |
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| Indigenous collections |
| S.No |
Cultivar |
Special features |
| 1 |
Assam |
Rhizome bold, highly flavoured, highly fibrous |
| 2 |
Burdwan-1 |
Bold, pungent, flavoured |
| 3 |
Ernad Chernad |
Bold, highly pungent and fibrous |
| 4 |
Gurubathani |
Bold, highly pungent and fibrous |
| 5 |
Himachal Pradesh |
Bold, lemon flavoured, dry ginger production |
| 6 |
Nadia |
Slender rhizome, lemon flavoured and less fibrous |
| 7 |
Wyanad local |
Bold, pungent and less fibrous |
| 8 |
Tura |
Rhizome slender, pungent, flavoured and fibrous |
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| Varieties for Yield by Selection |
| S.No |
Character / trait |
Cultivar /accession |
| 1 |
High Yield (Fresh and dry) |
U.p, Rio-de-genero, Thingpuri, Karakkal/ Suprabha/ Anamika |
| SG-646, (Kerala), SG-666 (Himachal Paradesh) |
| Maran, Nadia, Narasapattinam,Subrabha, suruchi, |
| Wyanad local, Ernad chernad, wyanad, china, SG-876, SG – 882, SG 705, SG – 700 |
| Himgiri, IISR Varadha, IISR Rejatha, IISR Mahima |
| 2 |
Bold Rhizome |
China , Taffingiva, Bhaise, China,Acc.Nos.117, 35, 15, 27 |
| Varadha, Gurubathan, SG-35 |
| 3 |
Slender rhizome |
Suruchi, Kunduli Local |
| 4 |
Short duration |
Sierra - leone |
| Varieties for Quality by Selection |
| S.No |
Character / trait |
Variety / Cultivar Accession |
| 1 |
High Dry recovery |
Tura Local (29%), Tura –(28%), Thodupuzha (22%),Kurupppampadi (23), Nadia (22%) |
| 2 |
High Oleorsein |
Assam (9.3%), RIO-de-Genero (10.5%), Maran, (10%) |
| 3 |
High Essential oil |
Mannanthody (2.2%), Karakkal(2.4%), Ellakallan (2.6%) |
| 4 |
Low crude fibre |
China(3.4%), UP(3.7%), Nadia (3.9%) |
| 5 |
High dry ginger yield (t/ha) |
Rio –de-genro, Maran (3.27), Thingpruri, (2.79), Maran(4.4), Nadia(3.8) |
| 6 |
High Zingiberene and gingerol |
Bahrica and Amaravathi |
| 7 |
Salted Ginger |
Acc.Nos. 35 & 37 |
Season:
May - June is highly suitable for cultivation.
Soil and climate:
A friable well drained loamy soil rich in humus with warm and humid conditions with 150 cm of annual rainfall are preferable. This crop is grown as an irrigated crop in humid zones from sea level to an altitude of 1500 metres.
Seed rate:
1500 - 1800 kg of rhizome/ha is required.
Seed treatment:
Treat the seed rhizomes with Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 3 g/lit or 200 ppm Streptocycline for 30 minute
Spacing
Irrigated crop – 40 x 20 cm in ridges and furrows.
Rainfed crop – Raised beds of 20 x 20 cm or 25x 25 cm
Manures and Manuring:
Basal: FYM 25-30 t + 30 tonnes green leaves as mulch in three splits : 15 tonnes-immediately after planting, 7.5 tonnes – 60 days and 120 days after planting, 50: 25 kg of P and K per ha.
Top dressing: 37.5: 12.5 kg of N and K per ha applied on 45th and 90th day after planting
Aftercultivation
Mulching is done at the time of planting with green leaves. After each top dressing, earth up the plants.
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Plant protection:
Pests
Shoot borer
Shoot borer can be controlled by spraying Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit or Phosphamidon 86 WSC 1 ml/lit.
Leaf roller
Leaf roller can be controlled by spraying Carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/ha or Quinalphos 25 EC 2 ml/lit.
Diseases
Soft rot (Pythium sp.)
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Provide adequate drainage facilities
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Select healthy and disease-free seed rhizomes
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Treat the seed rhizomes with Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 3 g/lit or 200 ppmStreptocycline for 30 minutes.
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In the field, drench the beds with 2.5 g/lit of Copper oxychloride or 1% Bordeaux mixture or Metalaxyl - mancozeb 4 g/lit.
Rhizome rot
Rhizome treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 20g/kg rhizome + soil application, @ 10kg/ha immediately after planting and 45 days after planting followed by pre monsoon drenching with Metalaxyl 0.1%. Leaf spot
Leaf spot can be controlled by spraying 1 % Bordeaux mixture or Copper oxychloride 0.25%.
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Harvest:
The crop can be harvested after 8 - 9 months when leaves start yellowing and drying.
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| Rhizome |
Dried Ginger |
Yield:
About 12 - 15 t/ha can be obtained. |
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