Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench.)
Malvaceae

Varieties 
MDU 1, Arka Anamika, Arka Abhay and Parbhani Kranti

Hybrid
CO 3, CO BhH 1

	Bhendi hybrid COBh H 1: It is a cross between Varsha Uphar selection and PA 4 (T). It has resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus disease with high level of market preference.The fruits are dark green, slender, less fibrous and sparsely pubescent. Yields about  22.1 /ha under normal conditions.			CO.1 (1976): It is a pureline selection from Red Wonder introduced from Hyderabad. Fruits are pinkish red in colour.It has a yield potential of 12 tonnes/ha in 90 days. It has a flesh content of 72 % and crude fiber content of 14.06%.
	CO. 3 (1991): It is a F1 hybrid between Parbhani Karanti x MDU.1.Yields about  16-18 tonnes/ha. Moderate resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic disease		CO.2 (1987): It is a F1 hybrid between A.E. 180 x Pusa Sawani. Fruit surface is less hairy with a better consumer’s appeal and market preference. Fruits are very long with7-8 ridges.It has a yield potential of 15-16 tonnes/ha in 90 days

Soil
It is adaptable to a wide range of soils from sandy loam to clayey loam. 

Season
Planting can be done during June - August and February

Seed treatment
Seed treatment with Tricoderma viride @ 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/ kg of seeds and again with 400 g of Azospirillum using starch as adhesive and dried in shade for 20 minutes. Sow three seeds per hill at 30 cm apart and then thin to 2 plants per hill after 10 days.

Preparation of field
Plough the land 4 - 5 times and apply FYM 10 kg, neem cake 1 kg, super phosphate 100 g and Furadon 10 g/sq.m during last ploughing. Form ridges and furrows at 45 cm apart.

Sowing
Sow three seeds per hill at 30 cm apart and then thin to 2 plants per hill after 10 days.

Spacing
Seeds are sown at a spacing of 45 x 30 cm.

Layout and sowing for drip irrigation and fertigation

• Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal before last ploughing.
• Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM.
• Apply 75 % total recommended dose of super phosphate ie 469 kg / ha as basal.
• Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 30 cm.
• Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main pipes and place lateral tubes at the centre of the each bed at an interval of 1.5 m.
• Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.
• Before planting, wet the beds using drip system for 8-12 hrs.
• Sowing to be done at a spacing of 90 x 45 x 45 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 45 cm spacing.
• Spray Oxyflourfen at 0.15 kg ai / ha or Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai / ha or Metolachlor @ 0.75 kg a.i / ha as pre emergence application on third day of sowing.
• Gap filling to be done at 7th day after transplanting.

Irrigation
Irrigation is done at weekly intervals.

Application of Fertilizers

Apply Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria each at 2 kg/ha mixed with 100 kg of FYM before sowing.

Varieties
Basal dose FYM @ 25 t/ha, N @ 20 kg, P @ 50 kg and K @ 30 kg/ha as basal and 20 kg N/ha at 30 days after sowing.

Hybrids
Basal dose FYM @ 40 t / ha, N @ 100 kg, P @ 100 kg and K @ 100 kg/ha as basal and 100 kg N / ha 30 at days after sowing.

Foliar nutrition

1 % urea (10 g/l) + muriate of potash (10 g/l) on 30 and 45 days after planting.
 For hybrids, foliar application of water soluble fertilizer 19-19-19 three times @ 0.5% (5 g/l) at 10 days interval from 30 days after planting.

Fertigation schedule for hybrids
Recommended dose: 200:100: 100 kg / ha

75% RD of Phosphorus applied as super phosphate = 469 kg/ha.
 1. 19:19:19 = 54 kg / ha
 2. 13:0:45 = 200 kg / ha
 3. 12:61:0 = 25 kg / ha
 4. Urea = 350 kg / ha

Weed control
Spray Oxyflourfen at 0.15 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin at 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Metolachlor at 0.75 kg a.i./ha as pre emergence application on third day after sowing.  Herbicide application should be integrated with one hand weeding on 30 days after sowing.

Plant protection
Pests
Fruit borers

White fly and Aphids
White fly and Aphids can be controlled by spraying.Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit combined with Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 %.

Leaf hopper
Treat the seeds with imidacloprid 48 % FS or 70 % WS @ 7 g/kg or Thiamethoxam 70 % WS @ 2.8 g/kg of seed.
Dust carbaryl 5 % DP @ 20 kg /ha or carbaryl 10 % DP @ 25 kg /ha or apply carbofuran 3 % G @ 33 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide

White fly

Ash weevil
Ash weevil can be controlled by the application of Carbofuran 3 G @ 12 kg/ha.

Nematode
Application of Carbofuran 3 G 1 kg a.i /ha or Phorate 10 G 1 kg a.i./ha and Neem cake 400 kg/ha at sowing in furrows along with fertilizers.

Diseases
Yellow vein mosaic virus

Spray systemic insecticides like Methyl demeton or Dimethoate @ 2 ml / l to kill the insect vector, whitefly.

 
Yellow vein mosaic virus

Powdery mildew
Dust Sulphur 25 kg/ha or spray Dinocap 2 ml/lit or Tridemorph 0.5 ml/lit or Carbendazim 1 g/lit or Wettable sulphur 2 g/lit immediately after noticing the disease and repeat after 15 days or four sprays of Triademephon (0.5%) at 10 days interval from 30 days after sowing.

Harvest
Harvesting can be done 45 days after planting. Fruits are harvested in tender stage at 1 – 2 days intervals.

Yield
12 - 15 t/ha

Market information

IPM practices Package for Bhendi

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (4g/kg) and Pseudomonas (10 g/ kg)
• Soil application of Pseudomonas and Trichoderma (each2.5kg/ha)
• Soil application with Neem cake @250 kg/ha
• Maize as border crop against movement of whiteflies/ Liriomyza
• Use of yellow sticky traps
• Periodical removal of yellow vein mosaic virus infected plants
• Helicoverpa and Earias adult monitoring with pheromone traps
• Trichogramma release after each brood emergence of Helicoverpa and Earias
• Application of Neem oil formulations 10000ppm @1% / Neem seed kernel extract (5%)