Early leaf spot: Cercospora arachidicola(Mycosphaerella arachidis)
Symptoms:
- Infection starts about a month after sowing
- Brown circular lesion with yellow halo on leaves
- Light brown colour appears on lower surface of leaves
- Lesions appear on petioles, stems and stipules
Early leaf spot
Pathogen:
- Intercellular mycelium: Olivaceous brown
- Conidiophores: Short, 1 or 2 septate, unbranched and geniculate
- Conidia: Sub hyaline, 3-12 septate with round base and sub-acute tip
- Asci: Cylindrical to clavate and contain 8 ascospores
- Ascospores: Hyaline, slightly curved and two celled
Conidia
Favourable Conditions:
- Prolonged high relative humidity for 3 days
- Low temperature (20ºC) with dew on the leaf surface
- Heavy doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers
- Deficiency of magnesium in the soil
Mode of Spread and Survival:
- Pathogen persists as inactive mycelium and perithecia in soil
- Primary spread: Ascospores
- Secondary spread: Airborne conidia
Management:
- Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2 g/kg of seeds or mancozeb 75% WP @ 3 g/kg of seeds
- Spray carbendazim @ 500 g/ha or mancozeb @ 1000 g/ha or chlorothalonil @ 1000 g/ha. If necessary, repeat the spray after 15 days
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