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Blackgram :: Systems of Cultivation :: Irrigated |
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Land Preparation
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- Ploughing has to be done on receipt of summer showers.
- Repeated plough to get fine tilth taking advantages of soil moisture availability.
- Wherever soil crusting is a problem, apply lime @ 2 t/ ha as basal.
- Level the field to ensure uniform distribution of irrigation water and form beds and channels.
- Well drained soil condition is preferred.
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Seed and seed treatment
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- Use of certified seed is recommended
- Seed Rate : 20 kg / ha
- Treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2g/kg of seed
(OR)
Trichoderma asperellum@ 4g/kg of seed
(OR)
Bacillus subtilis@ 10g/kg of seeds.
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Carbendazim |
Carbendazim Treatment |
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Bio fertilizer seed treatment
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- Carrier Based Formulation: Treat the seeds required for one hectare with 600 g each of biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium, and Phosphobacteria, using rice gruel, shade dry for 30 minutes before sowing.
- Liquid Formulation: Treat the seeds required for one hectare with 125 ml of each biofertilizers viz., Rhizobium, and Phosphobacteria, shade dry for 30 minutes before sowing.
- Plastic trays are used for treating the seeds and use of metal utensils/ trays may be avoided.
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Note: First treat the seeds with Biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium. Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible. |
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Nutrient Management
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- Apply fertilizer as per STCR ‐ IPNS recommendation
(OR)
- Adopt blanket recommendation as follow
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| Recommended Quantity of Nutrient (kg /ha) |
Quantity of fertilizer needed (kg /ha) |
| Situation I |
Situation II |
| N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
S* |
MN |
Urea |
SSP |
MOP |
MN |
Urea |
DAP |
MOP |
Gypsum |
MN |
| 25 |
50 |
25 |
40 |
5 |
56 |
312 |
42 |
5 |
12 |
110 |
42 |
170 |
5 |
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- Entire quantity of NPKS applied as basal in the last plough
- Before sowing broadcast 5 kg of TNAU MN mixture for pulses / ha as enriched in FYM at 1:10 ratio incubated for 30 days at friable moisture.
(OR)
- Mix 25 kg of Zinc sulphate with equal amount of sand and spread the mixture uniformly on the levelled field. Do not incorporate the micro nutrient in the soil.
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Sowing
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- The seed may be sown by dibbling at 10cm interval in 30cm row apart.
- Use of mechanised seed drills is also recommended.
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Weed management
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- Pre‐emergence application of pendimethalin or pendimethalin + imazethapyr(Ready mix) at 1.0litre /ha on 3 days after sowing followed by one hand weeding or mechanical weeding on 20‐25 DAS.
(OR)
- Pre‐emergence application of pendimethalin at1.0litre /ha on 3 days after sowing followed by tank mix application of quizalofop ethyl @ 500 ml /ha and imazethapyr @ 1 litre/ ha on 15 ‐ 20 DAS.
Note :Herbicides should be applied using Knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 litres of water for spraying one hectare.
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Irrigation management
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- Irrigate immediately after sowing followed by life irrigation on the third day
- Irrigate at interval of 7 to 10days depending on soil moisture conditions
- Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods of irrigation.
- Avoid water stagnation at all stages of crop growth
- Drip fertigation is also recommended
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Drip Fertigation schedule
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Crop stage
(DAS) |
Duration
in days |
Number of fertigation/ stage (3 days interval) |
Fertilizer grade |
Total Fertilizer (kg/ha) |
| 0-20 |
20 |
6 |
MAP (12:61:0)
Urea(46%N)
SOP(50 % K) |
66.00
15.36
10.00 |
| 21-40 |
20 |
6 |
19:19:19
Urea(46%N)
SOP(50 % K) |
26.00
11.00
10.00 |
| 41-55 |
15 |
5 |
0:52:34 (MKP)
SOP(50 % K) |
9.66
14.24 |
| Total |
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17 |
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MAP-Mono Ammonium Phosphate, SOP- Sulphate of Potash & MKP- Mono Potassium phosphate |
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Blackgram raised under drip system |
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Foliar spray
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- Apply TNAU Pulse wonder @ 5 kg/ha as foliar spray during peak flowering stage.
- Spray should be given during early morning or late evening using Knapsack sprayer with 500 litres of water for one hectare.
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Harvesting
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To avoid loss because of the shattering of pods, the crop is harvested, when 80% pods are matured or at physiological maturity ie., Grain colour changing from green to black and leaves turn yellow colour and starts shedding of leaves. Pods are dried on the threshing-floor for a week or ten days and threshed by beating with stick or by multi crop thresher or trampling with tractor.
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Harvest maturity
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