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COWPEA ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.aggreg.)
SEASON AND VARIETIES
DISTRICT/SEASON |
VARIETIES |
Adipattam (June-August) |
|
For all districts |
CO 6, VBN 1, VBN 2, CO(CP) 7 |
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, |
CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Dharmapuri |
Paiyur 1 |
Cuddalore, Villupuram |
CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Salem, Namakkal |
Paiyur 1, CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur, Karur |
CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Pudukottai |
CO 2, CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Erode |
Paiyur 1, CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, |
|
Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai, Virudhunagar |
CO 2, CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi , Kanyakumari, |
CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam |
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Purattasipattam (September - November) |
|
For all districts |
CO 6, VBN 1, VBN 2, CO(CP) 7 |
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur |
CO(CP) 7 |
Dharmapuri |
Paiyur 1 |
Cuddalore, Villupuram |
Paiyur 1, CO (CP) 7 |
Salem, Namakkal |
CO 2, Paiyur 1, CO (CP) 7 |
Pudukottai |
CO 2, VBN 2 |
Erode |
CO 2, CO(CP) 7 |
Coimbatore |
CO 2, Paiyur 1, CO 6 , CO(CP) 7 |
Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Ramanathapuram, |
|
Virudhunagar |
CO, 2, VBN 2, CO(CP) 7 |
Sivagangai, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi , |
CO 2, VBN 2, CO(CP) 7 |
Kanyakumari, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, |
Paiyur 1, CO(CP) 7 |
Summer irrigated |
|
Salem, Namakkal, Coimbatore, Erode, |
CO 2, CO 6, CO (CP) 7, VBN 2 |
Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur, Karur and Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi |
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PARTICULARS OF VARIETIES
Source: www.21food.com/userImages/jyglobe/jyglobe$38164046.jpg
Particulars |
CO 2 |
Paiyur 1 |
CO 6 |
VBN 1 |
VBN 2 |
CO(CP) 7 |
Parentage |
Hybrid derivative (C521 x C49) |
Selection from VM 16 |
MS 9804 x
C 152 |
Selection from
T 85F 2020 |
Selection from IT 81-D-1228-10 |
Gamma mutant of CO 4 (20 Kr) |
Year of release |
1972 |
1985 |
1993 |
1997 |
1998 |
2002 |
50% flowering(days) |
45 |
75 |
35 |
35 – 40 |
40-45 |
40 – 45 |
Duration (days) |
90 |
90 |
65 – 70 |
55 – 65 |
75 - 80 |
70 – 75 |
Grain yield(kg/ha) Rainfed |
... |
900 |
671 |
950 |
- |
1000 |
Irrigated |
1375 |
-- |
- |
- |
- |
1600 |
Vegetable (Kg/ha) |
9400 |
... |
- |
|
10580 |
- |
Plant height (cm) |
30 - 40 |
60 - 70 |
34.5 |
25 - 30 |
45 - 60 |
40 – 55 |
Stem, branches |
Green stem purple wash at nodes,
3-4 branches |
Erect |
Green stem purple wash at nodes, 3-4 branches |
Erect green,
2 – 4 branches |
Green erect,
2 – 3 branches |
Green with purple ring at fruiting nodes,
5 – 8 branches |
Leaves |
Trifoliate, broad and long petioles |
Dark green leaflets possessing triangular white spots |
Trifoliate entire, green, purple spot at the abse of leaflet |
Light green |
Dark green trifoliate |
Ovote, trifoliate, entire, green and glabrous |
Colour of pods |
Tender greenish white |
Green |
Dark green pigmented tip |
Greenish white |
Light green |
Green |
Dry |
Greyish white |
Brown |
Brown at maturity |
Cream |
Cream |
Light brown |
Colour of grain |
Reddish brown with irregular patches |
Brick red |
Light cream |
White |
Ivory white, hilum with tan ring surrounded by brown band |
Brownish white and squire shape |
100 grain wt (g) |
12.5 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
12 - 15 |
13 - 15 |
12 - 14 |
CROP MANAGEMENT
IV. MANAGEMENT OF FIELD OPERATIONS
1. FIELD PREPARATION
Prepare the land to fine tilth and form beds and channels.
SEED RATE
STRAIN |
Quantity of seed required (kg/ha) |
Pure crop |
Mixed crop |
Paiyur 1, VBN 1, VBN 2, CO 6, CO(CP) 7 |
25 |
12.5 |
Optimum plant population 3,50,000/ha.
2. SEED TREATMENT
Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing (or) with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (or) Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed.
- Biocontrol agents are compatible with biofertilizers.
- First treat the seeds with biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium.
- Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible.
3. SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOFERTILIZER
a)
b) |
Fungicide-treated seeds, should be again treated with a bacterial culture. There should be an interval of atleast 24 hours between fungicidal and biofertilizer treatments.
The improved rhizobial strain COC 10 is more effective in increasing the yield. |
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Treat the seeds with 3 packets (600 g/ha) of Rhizobial culture COC 10 and 3 packets (600 g/ha) of Phosphobacteria developed at TNAU using rice kanji as binder. If the seed treatment is not carried out apply 10packets of Rhizobium (2000 g/ha) and 10 packets(2000 g) of Phosphobacteria with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of soil before sowing. Dry the biofertilizer treated seeds in shade for 15 minutes before sowing. |
4. FERTILIZER APPLICATION
a) Apply fertilizers basally before sowing.
Rainfed : 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S*/ha
Irrigated : 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S*/ha
*Note : Applied in the form of gypsum if Single Super Phospate is not applied as a source of phosphorus
b) Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4/ha under irrigated condition
5. SOWING
Dibble the seeds adopting the following spacing.
Varieties |
Sole crop |
Mixed crop |
CO 6, VBN 1 |
30 cm X 15 cm |
200 cm X 15 cm |
CO (CP) 7, VBN 2 |
45 cm x 15 cm |
.. |
Paiyur 1 |
30 cm x 15 cm |
.. |
Cowpea CO 6 at a spacing of 30cm X 15 cm
6. WATER MANAGEMENT
Irrigate immediately after sowing followed by life irrigation on the third day. Irrigate at intervals of 7 to 10 days depending upon soil and climatic conditions. Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods when irrigation is a must. Avoid water stagnation at all stages. . Apply KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is moisture stress.
7. SPRAYING OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE OR UREA, NAA AND SALICYLIC ACID
a. Foliar spray of Spray of NAA 40 mg/litre and Salicylic acid 100 mg/litre once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
b. Foliar spray of DAP 20 g/litre or urea 20 g/litre once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
8.WEED MANAGEMENT
i) Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 2 litres on 3 days after sowing using Backpack/ Knapsack/Rocker sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 l of water for spraying one ha. After this, one hand weeding on 30 days after sowing gives weed free environment throughout the crop period.
ii) If herbicides are not applied give two hand weedings on 15 and 30 days after sowing.
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