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GREENGRAM ( Vigna radiata L. )
CROP IMPROVEMENT
I. SEASON AND VARIETIES
| District/Season |
Varieties |
Adipattam (June - July) |
|
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai,
Cuddalore, Villupuram, Pudukkottai, Madurai, |
KM 2, CO 4, CO 6, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2, VRM(Gg) 1 |
Dindigul, Theni |
|
Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Tiruchirapalli, |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, Paiyur 1, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Perambalur, Karur |
|
Salem, Namakkal |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, Paiyur 1 |
Dharmapuri |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, Paiyur 1, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Erode, Coimbatore, Kanyakumari |
CO 4, CO 6, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi |
Puratasipattam (September - October) |
|
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Cuddalore, Villupuram, Pudukottai |
|
Dharmapuri, Salem, Namakkal, Tirunelveli,
Thoothukudi |
CO 4, CO 6, Paiyur 1, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2, K1 |
Erode, Coimbatore |
CO 4, CO 6, VBN 1, VBN(Gg) 2 |
Ramanathapuram, Virudhunagar, Sivagangai |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, Paiyur 1, K1 |
Madurai, Dindigul, Theni |
CO 4, CO 6, Paiyur 1 |
Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur, Karur |
Paiyur 1, CO 6, VBN 1, VBN (Gg) 2 |
Rice fallows (January - February) |
|
Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Tiruchirapalli, |
ADT 3 |
Perambalur, Karur, Pudukottai, Tirunelveli, |
|
Thoothukudi |
|
Summer (February - March) |
|
Kanchipuram, Tiruvallore, Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2 |
Cuddalore, Villupuram, Pudukkottai |
|
Salem, Namakkal,Dharmapuri,Tiruchirapalli, |
CO 4, CO 6, Paiyur 1 |
Perambalur, Karur, Tirunelveli, Thoothuku |
|
Erode, Coimbatore, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, |
CO 4, CO 6, Paiyur 1 |
Nagapattinam |
|
Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Ramanathapuram, |
CO 4, CO 6, KM 2, Paiyur 1 |
Virudhunagar, Sivagangai |
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DESCRIPTION OF GREENGRAM VARIETIES
Particulars |
KM 2 |
CO 4 |
ADT 3 |
Paiyur 1 |
VBN 1 |
K 1 |
Parentage |
Hybrid derivative of No.127xS.9 |
Mutant of
CO 1 |
Hybrid derivative of H70-16/ Rajendran/
G65 |
PS from DPT 703 |
Hybrid derivative of S.8xPIMS 3 |
Co 4 x ML 65 |
Year of release |
1978 |
1981 |
1988 |
1988 |
1989 |
1998 |
50% flowering (days)
Duration (days)
Grain yield (kg/ha)
Rainfed |
35 - 40
65 - 70
767 |
40 – 45
85
910 |
36
66
500 |
45 - 50
85 – 90
742 |
30 - 35
65
770 |
70 - 75
-
670 |
Irrigated
Plant height (cm)
Stem, branches etc.
Branches |
..
35 - 45
Green stem
- |
1550
60 - 70
Green stem
3 – 4 |
500 (Rice fallows)
35 – 45
Green stem
2 – 3 |
-
5 5- 60
Green
3 – 4 |
..
55 - 60
Green sparsely hairy
2 – 3
|
70 - 75
Green, slightly Pubescent
3 - 4
|
Leaves |
Medium |
Broad tripartate
and hairy |
Medium broad, Petiole long |
Broad |
Medium, foliate, ovate |
Broad |
Pod characters |
Dark brown and tip covered |
Green when tender & black on drying
|
Dark brown |
Dull green |
Sparsely hairy , light black pods |
Long and slightly pubescent, brown |
Colour of grain |
Shiny green |
Dull green |
Green |
Dull Green |
Green |
Dull green |
100 grain wt (g) |
3.0 |
4.1 |
2 - 3 |
3 - 5 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
Particulars |
CO 6 |
VRM(Gg) 1 |
VBN(Gg) 2 |
Parentage |
WGG 37 x CO 5 |
Pure line selection from
K 851 |
Cross derivative of VGG 4 x MH 309 |
|
|
|
|
Year of release |
1999 |
2001 |
2001 |
50% flowering (days) |
26 – 30 |
31 – 35 |
30 – 35 |
Duration (days) |
62 – 67 |
56 – 67 |
65 – 70 |
Grain yield (kg/ha) |
|
|
|
Rainfed |
900 |
1100 |
750 |
Irrigated
Plant height (cm) |
1050
35 - 55 |
-
45 – 55 |
900
50 – 60 |
Leaves
Colour of pod
Colour of grain
100 grain wt (g) |
Broad
Pubescent
Green with smooth surface
3 .4 |
Broad
Pubescent
Shiny green bold and smooth surface
3.5 |
Trifoliate with lobes
Sparsly hairy pods
Shiny green
3.6 – 3.9 |
MANAGEMENT OF FIELD OPERATIONS
1. FIELD PREPARATION
i. |
Prepare the land to get fine tilth and form beds and channels. |
Ii |
Amendments for soil surface crusting: To tide over the soil surface crusting apply lime at the rate of 2 t/ha along with FYM at 12.5 t/ha or composted coir pith at 12.5 t/ha to get an additional yield of about 15 - 20%.
SEED RATE
Particulars |
Quantity of seed required kg/ha |
|
Pure crop |
Mixed crop |
All strains |
20 |
10 |
Rice fallows - ADT 3 |
25 |
-- |
Optimum plant population 3,25,000/ha.
Source: http://dacnet.nic.in/pulses/gallery1.htm
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2. SEED TREATMENT
Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing (or) with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (or) Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed. Bio control agents are compatible with biofertilizers. First treat the seeds with Biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium. Fungicides and biocontrol agents are incompatible.
3. SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOFERTILIZER
Treat the seeds with 3 packets (600 g/ha) of Rhizobial culture CRM 6 and 3 packets (600 g/ha) of Phosphobacteria developed at TNAU using rice kanji as binder. If the seed treatment is not carried out apply 10 packets of Rhizobium (2000g/ha) and 10 packets (2000 g) of Phosphobacteria with 25 kg of FYM and 25 kg of soil before sowing.
4. FERTILIZER APPLICATION
a) Apply fertilizers basally before sowing.
Rainfed : 12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S*/ha
Irrigated : 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S*/ha
*Note : Applied in the form of gypsum if Single Super Phospate is not applied as a source of phosphorus
b) Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4/ha under irrigated condition
5. SOWING
Dibble the seeds adopting a spacing of 30 x 10 cm. For bund crop dibble the seeds at 30 cm spacing.
Thinning operation
6. WATER MANAGEMENT
Irrigate immediately after sowing, followed by life irrigation on the third day. Irrigate at intervals of 7to 10 days depending upon soil and climatic conditions. Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods when irrigation is a must. Avoid water stagnation at all stages. . Apply KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is moisture stress.
7. SPRAYING OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE OR UREA, NAA AND SALICYLIC ACID
a. Foliar spray of Spray of NAA 40 mg/litre and Salicylic acid 100 mg/litre once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
b. i) For rice fallow crops, foliar spray of DAP 20 g/litre once at flowering and another at 15 days
thereafter
ii) For irrigated and rainfed crops foliar spray of DAP 20 g/litre or urea 20 g/litres once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter.
8. WEED MANAGEMENT
i) Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 2 litres on 3 days after sowing using Backpack/ Knapsack/Rocker sprayer fitted with flat fan nozzle using 500 litre of water for spraying one ha. After this, one hand weeding on 30 days after sowing gives weed free environment throughout the crop period.
- If herbicides are not applied give two hand weedings on 15 and 30 days after sowing.
9. MULTI BLOOM TECHNOLOGY
A special technology being practiced in Pattukottai block of Tanjore district for blackgram and greengram. The soil is alluvial and rich in organic matter and nutrients. The crop is sown during early summer (Jan.-Feb.) as normal crop and fertilizer is applied as per the recommendation for irrigated crop. In addition to that, top dressing of Nitrogen is done with an extra dose of 25 to 30 kg through urea. Since pulses are indeterminate growth habit and continue to produced new flushes, the top dressing will be done on 40-45 days after sowing. The crop complete its first flushes of matured pods during 60-65th day and put further second new flush within 20-25 days. Therefore two flushes of pods can be harvested at a time within the duration of 100 days.
RICE-FALLOWS
VARIETIES AND SEED RATE
Quantity of seed required kg/ha |
Varieties |
Sole crop |
Mixed crop |
All varieties |
30 - |
1.TIME OF SOWING
Third week of January –Second week of February
2.SOWING OF SEEDS
- For relay cropping broadcast the seeds in the standing crop 5 to 10 days before the harvest of the paddy crop uniformly under optimum soil moisture conditions so that the seeds should get embedded in the waxy mire.
- For combined harvesting areas, broadcast the seeds before harvesting the paddy crop with machineries
3. SPRAYING OF DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE , NAA AND SALICYLIC ACID
a. Foliar spray of NAA 40 mg/litre and Salicylic acid 100 mg/litre once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
b. Foliar spray of DAP 20 g/lt once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
4. HARVESTING
i) Picking the matured pods, drying and processing
ii) Uprooting or cutting the whole plants ,heaping ,drying and processing
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