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Crop Protection :: Coffee

Shot hole borer: Xylosandrus compactus

Symptoms of attack and nature of damage

  • Infests green succulent branches.
  • Young plants - main stem may be attacked.
  • Presence of shot hole
  • Initial symptom - drooping of leaves
  • Withered (faster in young branches and delayed in older twigs) or dried branches
  • Attacked Leaves fall and prematurely
  • Terminal leaves wilt, droop and dry up.
  • Severe infestation - loss of considerable number of productive branches.

Identification of the pest

  • Adult - brown to black with a short, sub cylindrical body and covered with fine hairs.
  • Females are darker and larger (1.5 to 1.8 mm)
  • Males are dull and small (0.8 to 1.0 mm)

Management

  • Insecticide applications do not provide for shot hole borer control.
  • Grub entered into twig and make tunneling – Ambrosia fungus developed from the tunneling. Female lays eggs on the tunneling
  • After egg hatching, the white milky larvae feed on the ambrosia fungus
  • Prune the affected twigs 2 to 3 inches beyond the shot-hole and burn (September)
  • Remove and destroy all the unwanted/infested suckers during summer (avoid breeding).
  • Maintain thin shade and good drainage.

 


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