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Agricultural crops :: Cash crops :: Cotton

Fusarium wilt : Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum

Symptom

  • Yellowing and browning of cotyledons followed by browning on the petiole.
  • Loss of turgidity, yellowing, drooping and wilting of leaves.
  • Browning or blackening of vascular tissues.
  • Infected plants appear stunted with fewer bolls.
Survival and Mode of Spread
  • Survive in soil as saprophyte for many years and chlamydospores act as resting spores.
  • Primary spread is through seed, dormant hyphae and chlamydospores.
  • The pathogen is externally and internally seed-borne.
  • Secondary spread by wind and irrigation water.
Favourable Conditions
  • Soil temperature of 20-30 0C .
  • Hot and dry periods followed by rains .
  • Heavy black soils with an alkaline reaction
  • Increased dose of nitrogen and phosphatic fertilizers .
  • Wounds caused by nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and grubs of Ash weevil (Myllocerus pustulatus)
Management
  • Remove and burn the infected plant debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing. .
  • Apply farm yard manure or other organic manures @ 4 t/ac. .
  • Follow mixed cropping with non-host plants to reduce the soil temperature below 200C by providing shade.
  • Treat the acid-delinted seeds with Chlorothalonil at 4 g/kg of seed .
  • Seed treatment with Bacillus subtilis (10g/kg) or Trichoderma asperellum @ 4 g/kg.
  • Apply Trichoderma asperellum @ 1 kg/ acre, twice in the soil during sowing and 90 DAS . Multiply 1 kg of T. asperellum in 100 kg of Farm yard manure for 15 days before application.
  • Spot drenching with Carbendazim 50%WP @1g/ lit of water
Source of information
  • Online resources
  • CPG 2020

Vascular browning

Yellowing of leaves


Updated on Apr 2023
 

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