• Terminal shoots wither and droop
• Shedding of buds and flowers
• Bore hole in fruits and feed
• Deformed fruits

E. insulana

• Larva – Brown with dorsum showing a white median longitudinal streak.
• Pupa – Brown and boat shaped
• Adult–  Forewing – uniformly silvery green

E. Vitella

• Egg: Sculptured egg and sky blue in colour
• Larva –brownish with white streaks dorsally and pale yellow ventrally
• Adult–Forewing – pale with a wedge shaped green band in the middle

• Set up pheromone trap @ 12/ha.
• Collection and destruction of affected fruits.
• Release of egg parasite Trichogramma chilonis @ 1.0 lakh/ha.
• Release of 1st instar larvae of green lace wing predator Chrysoperla carnea @ 10,000/ha.
• Dust carbaryl 10 % DP @ 25 kg /ha or spray Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2 g/lit.or spray any one of the following insecticide

• Feed on the flowers
• Circular boreholes on fruits
• Larva thrust only part of their body inside the fruit feed

• Eggs – are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
• Larva - shows colour variation from greenish to brown
• Pupa – brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, and pod
• Adult– Female brownish yellow stout moth, Male – Pale greenish in colour

• Collect and destroy the infected fruits and grown up larvae
• Grow simultaneously 40 days old American tall marigold and 25 days old tomato seedling at 1:10 rows to attract Helicoverpa adults for egg laying.
• Setup pheromone trap with Helilure at 15/ha
• Six releases of T. chilonis @ 50,000/ha per week coinciding with flowering time
• Release Chrysoperla carnea at weekly interval at 50,000 eggs or grubs / ha from 30 DAS
• Spray HaNPV at 1.5*10 12 POB/ha along with cotton seed oil 300 g/ha to kill larvae.
• Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/lit or B. thuringiensis 2 g/lit
• Do not spray insecticides after maturity of fruits.

• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots

• Grubs - creamy yellow, apodous
• Adults - dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra

• Soil application of Carbofuran 3 G at 30 kg or Aldicarb 10 G at 10 kg/ha on 20 DAS and earthed up.
• Basal application of FYM 25 t/ha or 250 kg/ha of neem cake.

• Swellings on the stem just above the ground level.
• Young plants are invariably killed
• Older plants - lack vigor and strength, and when strong winds blow, these plants break at the nodes.

• Larva – grub, white in colour without leg (apodous)
• Adult - very small weevil, dark in colour with two small white patches on the elytra

• Neem cake @ 500 kg / ha at the time of last ploughing
• Carbofuran 3G @ 30Kg or phorate 10 G @ 10 kg / ha

• Caterpillar rolled the leaves
• Scrabing the chlorophyll content and feed inside
• Defoliation

• Larva - is bright green (glistening) with dark head and prothoracic shield.
• Adult- moth with yellow wings having brown wavy markings

• Collect and destroy rolled leaves.
• Spray carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/lit or phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit.

• Caterpillar fed on the leaves
• Defoliation

• Larva - Green coloured semi looper, with five longitudinal white stripes

• Larva – Green coloured Semi looper, with horseshoe markings on each segment

• Larva –Green coloured semi looper

• Spray phosalone 35 EC @ 2ml/lit.

• Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue
• Severe infestation results in premature defoliation
• Development of sooty mould
• Vector of yellow vein mosaic virus

• Nymph - is greenish yellow, oval in outline
• Adult- is minute insects with yellow body covered with a white waxy bloom

• Phosalone 35 EC at 2.5 l/ha
• Quinalphos 25 EC at 2.0 l/ha
• Triazophos 40 EC 2.0 l/ha

• Nymph - is light green, translucent, wingless found between the veins of leaves on the under surface
• Adult - is green, wedge shaped leafhopper.

• Imidacloprid 200 SL at 100 ml/ha
• Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
• Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha
• Phosphamidon 40 SL 600 ml/ha.
• NSKE 5%

• Infesting tender shoots and under surface of the leaves.
• Curling and crinkling of leaves
• Stunted growth
• Development of black sooty mould due to the excretion of honey dew

• Nymphs: Yellowish or greenish brown found on the undersurface of leaves.
• Adults: - are greenish brown, soft bodied and small insects

• Imidacloprid 200 SL at 100 ml/ha
• Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha
• Dimethoate 30 EC 500 ml/ha
• Phosphamidon 40 SL 600 ml/ha.
• NSKE 5%
  
  Monitoring the activities of the alate adult by setting up yellow sticky traps

 

• Infested seeds become discoloured and shrivelled

• Nymphs and Adults –reddish bugs with white bands on the abdomen and black markings on the wings.

• Conserve the biocontrol agent Harpactor costalis predaceous on nymph and adult
• Spray phosphamidon 40 SL @ 600 ml/ha