• Defoliation in early stages
• Larva’s head alone thrust inside the pods and the rest of the body hanging out.
• Pods with round holes
• Small spots appear on the leaves. These spots increase in size and produces brown ring. In ring, lines are purple in colour.
• When the disease increases,these spots become large and  interconnected with each other

Bore holes on the pod	Larva feeding the pod	Damaged pod

Identification of the pest

• Eggs – are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
• Larva - shows colour variation from greenish to brown. Green with dark brown grey lines laterally on the body with lateral white lines and also has dark and pale bands.
• Pupa – brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, pod and crop debris
• Adult - light pale brownish yellow stout moth. Fore wing grey to pale brown with V shaped speck.Hind wings are pale smoky white with a broad blackish outer margin. 

Management

• For pod borers, raise one row of sunflower as intercrop for
  every 9 rows of pigeon pea and plant maize as border crop.
• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa armigera 12/ha
• Bird perches 50/ha
• Mechanical collection of grown up larva and blister beetle
• Ha NPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
• Apply any one of the following insectcides:
  • Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha
  • Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (3a,3b,3c) 5%WP1000-1250 g/ha
  • Dimethoate 30% EC 1237 ml/ha
  • Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 220 g/ha
  • Indoxacarb 15.8% SC 333 ml/ha
  • Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC 150ml/ha
  • Spinosad 45%SC 125-162 ml/ha
  • NSKE 5% twice followed by triazophos 0.05%
  • Neem oil 2%
  • Phosalone 0.07%
    (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Note : Insecticide / Ha NPV spray