Expert System For Sugarcane

Season and Varieties

About Season

Tamil Nadu

Sugarcane is grown chiefly in the main season (December - May) in the entire State. In parts of Tiruchirapalli, Perambalur, Karur, Salem, Namakkal and Coimbatore districts, it is also raised during the special season (June - September). The particulars in respect of each season are given below:

  • 1. Main season       
    i) Early: Dec - Jan ii) Mid: Feb - March iii) Late: April - May


    2. Special season:  June – July


    Early season varieties are suitable for special season.
    3. Eksali season: Throughout the year except June.

     

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Karnataka

Sugarcane planting is done in December-February for the 12-month crop which is called Eksali, in October-November for the 15 to 16 month crop which is called Preseasonal, and in July-August for the 18-month crop, which is called Adsali.

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Kerela

The normal planting season is October-December. Delay in planting reduces cane yield. Planting should not be delayed beyond February in the plains. In hilly tracts where sugarcane is cultivated under rain fed conditions, planting should be done after abatement of heavy rains.

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Varieties

 

  1. Particulars of varieties

  2. Morphological characters

  3. Season wise suitable varieties

  4. Suitable varieties for Tamil Nadu (District wise)

  5. New varieties of sugarcane

  6. Important variety performance

  7. Suitable varieties for Kerala

  8. Suitable varieties for Karnataka

Particulars of varieties

Variety

Duration (Month)

Cane yield (t/ha)

CCS %

CCS  (t/ha)

CoC 671

10

123.5

14.20

17.50

CoC 771

10

140.0

13.10

18.30

CoC 772

10

143.3

14.00

20.00

CoC 773

10

97.5

13.20

12.60

CoC 8001 (C 66191)

10 - 11

102.9

13.20

13.50

CoC 774

11

159.8

11.90

17.90

CoC 775

11

122.5

13.40

16.40

CoC 776

11

112.3

14.00

15.50

CoC 777

12

171.3

11.80

20.00

CoC 778

12

165.5

11.00

18.10

CoC 779

12

204.6

11.80

24.00

Co 419

12

112.5

10.50

11.80

Co 6304

12

115.0

13.50

15.50

CoC 8001

10-11

102.5

13.20

13.50

CoC 85061

10-11

128.5

12.90

16.60

CoC 86062

10-11

133.5

12.60

16.80

CoSi 86071

10-11

131.7

12.20

16.00

CoC 90063

10-11

124.0

12.30

15.40

Co 8021

10-11

137.7

11.00

14.60

CoC 91061

10-11

131.0

11.30

15.60

CoC 92061

8-11

132.7

12.76

16.05

Co 8362

11-12

124.3

12.40

15.40

CoG 93076

11-12

132.0

13.20

17.40

Co 8208

11-13

141.5

11.07

15.28

CoG 94077

11

133.2

13.5

17.6

CoG 95076

10-11

108.2

11.5

12.4

Co 85019

12

134.5

12.5

16.8

CoSi 95071

10

152.0

12.9

21

CoSi 96071

10

145.0

11.9

17.3

Co 86010

10-12

146.1

10.78

15.64

CoC 98061

10-11

120.0

11.60

13.80

CoSi 98071

12

144.7

12.3

17.7

Co 86249

10-12

128.7

11.3

14.3

CoC 99061

10-12

130.3

11.9

15.6

Co 86032

10-12

110.0

13.0

14.3

CoC (SC) 22

10-12

135.9

12.1

16.5

Co Si (SC) 6

10-11

142.0

13.1

18.6

CoG (SC) 5

11-12

115.0

12.7

14.6

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Morphological characters

Characters

COC 671

COC 771

COC 772

COC 773

Parentage

Q63xCO775

CO419xCO658

CO740xCO658

CO658XCO1305

Leaf size

Broad

Broad

Broad

Broad

Leaf colour

Green

Green

Green

Green

Sheath colour

Green with

Green with

Green with

Green with

 

purple tinge

purple tinge

purple tinge

purple tinge

Sheath

 

 

 

Clasping

Loose

Loose

Loose

Loose

Spines

Present

Present

Present

Present

Ligular process

Present

Absent

Absent

Present

Stem colour

Green with

Yellow with

Yellow with

Yellow with

 

purple tinge

purple tinge

Green tinge

green tinge

Girth

Thick

Medium

Medium

Medium

Joint

Staggered

Straight

Staggered

Straight

Bud Groove

Absent

Present

Absent

Absent

Size

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

 

Character

COC 8201

COC 90063

CO 8021

COC 91061

Parentage

CO740xCO62174

CO6304XCOC671

CO740xCO6806

COC779 G.C.

Leaf size

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

Leaf colour

Green

Green

Green

Green

Sheath colour

Green with

Green

Purple

Whitish

 

Pink tinge

 

 

Yellow

Sheath clasping

Loose

Loose

Loose

Tight

Spines

Glabrous

Present

Glabrous

Absent

Splits

..

Absent

Present

Absent

Ligular

Lanceolate

Present on

Present on one

Absent

process

 

one side

side Lanceolate

 

 

 

(4-5 cm)

 

Stem colour

Greenish yellow

Yellowish green

Purple with heavy

Yellowish green

 

 

 

wax deposition

 

Girth

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

Joint

Thick

Staggered

Erect

Staggered

Bud Groove

Present

Absent

Present and

Absent

 

 

Prominent

 

Size

Medium

Medium

Medium/Big

Small

Character

COC 92061

CO 8362

COG93076

CO 8208

Parentage

CO 7314 GC

CO 6304X

COC 772X

CO 62198X

 

(Natural cross)

COC 671

CO 419

COC 671

 

Involving CO6314

 

 

 

 

as female

 

 

 

Leaf size

Broad

Medium

Medium

Medium

Leaf colour

Green

Green

Dark green

Dark green

Sheath Colour

Purple with

Green

Dark green

Greenish purple

 

heavy bloom

 

 

 

Sheath clasping

Loose

—

Loose

—

Spines

Deciduous

Deciduous

Deciduous

Deciduous

Splits

Absent

Absent

Absent

—

Ligular process

One side indica- ted and the other side rudimentary

Present on both side

One side

Present Asymmetrical

Stem colour

Greenish yellow with pink tinge

Purple green

Greenish light yellow

Green with purple tinge

Girth

-

-

-

-

Joint

Slightly staggered

Straight

Slightly staggered

Straight

Bud Groove

Absent

Absent

Absent

Absent

Size

Medium

Medium

Medium

Small

Character

COG 94077

COG 95076

CO 85019

COSi 95071

Parentage

CO 740 x C0 775

COC 771 x CO 775

CO 7201 x CO 775

COC 671x MS 6847

Leaf size

Medium

Medium

Length 140 cm Medium width 6.0 cm

Medium

Leaf colour

Dark green

Green

Light green at harvest

Green

Sheath colour

Greenish with
Purple tingle

Green

Green with purple tinge

Light greenish yellow

Sheath

 

 

Easily trashing

Loose

Clasping

Loose

Loose

 

 

Spines

Absent

Present,deciduos

Hard few

Absent

Ligular process

Present on One side

one side lanceolate and one side dentoid

Absent

Present, Asymmetrical

Stem colour

Greenish yellow

Greenish yellow with purplish tinge

Exposed purple unexposed yellowish green with heavy waxy coating

Greenish yellow

Girth

Medium

Medium

Medium

Medium

Joint

Slightly staggered

Slightly staggered

Zig Zag

Staggered

Bud groove

Short, shallow

Indicated

Absent

Present

Size

Medium

Medium

Small

Medium

Character

CO Si 96071

CO 86010

COC 98061

CO Si 98071

CO 86249

Parentage

C 82061GC

CO 740xCo 7409

C80 172 GC

Bo 91/Co 62198

CO J 64 x CoA 7601

Leaf size

Medium

Broad

Medium

Broad

Medium

Leaf colour

Green

Light green

Green

Dark green

Green

Sheath colour

Light green with pink blotches

Light green with pink blotches

Green with pink tinge

Yellowish green

Light green

 

 

 

 

 

 

Spines

Present & deciduous

Absent

Absent

Deciduous

 

Ligular

Asymmetrical

-

Absent on both sides

Short lanceolate

Small, present on one side

Stem colour

Purplish

Yellowish with green tinge

Greenish yellow with slight purple tinge

Yellowish green

Greenish yellow

Girth

Medium

Thick

Medium

Thick

Thick

Joint

Concave, convex

-

Cylindrical

Cylindrical

Cylindrical

Budgroove

Absent

Prominent

Absent

Numerous

Absent

Size

Small

Big

Medium

Big

Big

Character

CoC 99061CoC                                   COC 99061

CO 86032

COC (SC) 22

Parentage

CO 6806 X CO 740

Co 62198 x CoC 671
CO 62198 XCOC 671

CO 8208 GC

Leaf size

Medium

Medium

Medium

Leaf colour

Green

Dark green

Green

Sheath colour

Green with pink tinge

Green with purple

Green with slight scarious border

Sheath clasping

Tight

Loose

Loose

Spines

Deciduous

Few, hard, deciduous

Absent

Splits

Absent

Present

Absent

Ligular process

Present, asymmetrical,
lanceolate

“O”

Present asymmetrical

Stem colour

Dark green (Exposed)
Yellowish green
(Unexposed) 

Reddish pink (exposed)
Greenish yellow (unexposed)

 Reddish Pink with purple (exposed)
Greenish yellow(unexposed)

Girth

Medium

Medium

Medium

Joint

Cylindrical

 Cylinderical

Cylindrical

Bud groove

Absent

Absent

 Absent

Size

Medium

Medium

Medium

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Season wise suitable varieties

 

Early

Mid

Late

Special

Factory

Jaggery

Factory

Jaggery

Factory

Jaggery

Factory

Jaggery

Co 658
Co 62174
Co 62198
CoC 671
CoC 771
CoC 772
CoC 8001
CoC 85061
CoC 86062
CoSi 86071
CoC 90063
CoC 91061
CoG 94077
Co Si 95071
CoC 98061
Co 86010
Co 86249

-
-
-
CoC 671
CoC 771
CoC 772
CoC 8001
CoC 85061
CoC 86062
CoSi 86071
CoC 90063
CoC 91061
CoG 94077
-

-

-
-

Co 658
-
Co 62198
Co 6304
CoC 774
CoC 775
CoC 8001
-

-

-

-

-

CoG 93076
Co  85019
CoC 99061
Co 86032
CoC(Sc) 22

Co 419
Co 449
Co 6304
-
-
CoC 776
CoC 8001
-

-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-

-
-

Co 6304

 

CoC 8201
CoC 771
CoC 778
CoC 779
Co 419
Co 740
Co 658

-

-

 

CoG 93076
Co  85019
CoC 99061
Co 86032
CoC (SC) 22

Co 62175
Co 419
Co 6304
CoC 8201
-
-
-
-
Co 740
-

-

-
-
-

-

-

-

-
-

Early varieties are suitable for Special

-

 

 

 

-

 

 

-

 

-

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

-

 

 

-

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Suitable varieties for Tamil Nadu (District wise)

 

Place / District

Suitable Varieties

Salient features

Pudukkottai

CoV 92102, CoC 90063, Co Si (Sc)6, Co G (Sc) 5, Co C (Sc) 22

Drought tolerance

Erode

Co 86032, CoSi 95071, Co 86249, CoG 93076, CoV 94102, Co 85019, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance,
Good yielder

Vellore

CoV 92102, CoC 90063
Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Good yielder even in
drought suitable for late
Planting.

Sivaganga & Ramnad

Co 86032, Co 85019, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22, Co V 94102

Performing well in drought

Thiruvannamalai &
Kancheepuram

CoC 90063, CoV 92102, Co 86032, CoG 94077, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
better yield.

Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli & Tuticorin

Co 86032, Co 85019, Co Si(Sc)6,
Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Performing well in drought

Dharmapuri & Krishnagiri

Co 86032, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5,
Co C (Sc)22, Co 97009, CoV 94101, CoC 90063, CoSi 95071

Surviving better in drought. Drought tolerance and
better yield.

Karur

Co V 92102, CoSi 95071,
Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance

Trichy & Perambalur

Co Si 95071, CoC 671, CoV 92102, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought resistant high
yield.

Cuddalore

CoV 92102, CoC 90063, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerant

Villuppuram

Co 86032, CoV 92102, CoC 90063, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and high yield.

Thanjavur, Nagapattinam
& Tiruvarur

Co V 92102, CoG 93076, CoG 94077, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Dought tolerance and good yield

Coimbatore

Co 86032, CoV 92102, Co 86027,
CoC 90063, Co 97009, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
good yield.

Tiruvallur

85019, CoC 22, Co Si(Sc)6,
Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
good yield

Theni, Madurai and
Dindigul

Co 92012, Co 94008, Co 93001,
Co 86032, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5,
Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
better yield.

Namakkal & Salem

CoV 92102, Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5,
Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
better yield.

Chengalput

CoSi 95071, Co 85019, CoC 22,
Co Si(Sc)6, Co G (Sc)5, Co C (Sc)22

Drought tolerance and
better yield.

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New varieties of sugarcane

Two clones evolved at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, namely Co 98014 (Karan 1) and Co 99004 (Damodar) have been released as varieties for the general public during February 2007.

i. Co 98014 (Karan-1)

Year of Release

2007

 

Parents

Co 8316 x Co 8213

 

Recommended region for release

An early variety (spring planting) suited to North Western Zone

 

General performance factors

Mean cane yield: 76.29 t/ha
Mean sugar yield: 9.26 t/ha
Meansucrose % in juice(10 months): 17.59%
Red rot reaction: Resistant or Moderately Resistant (MR) to red rot

 

Botanical description

(a).Cane type: Medium thin (b).Colour: Greenish yellow
(c).Internode shape: Conoidal internodes and long lanceolate auricle on one side.  (d).Others: The clone is free from spines, splits, pith, bud groove and bud cushion. Leaf tip drying is common during summer months.

ii. Co 99004 (Damodar)

 

Year of Release

2007

Parents

Co 62175 and Co 86250

Recommended region for release

A mid-late variety suited to Peninsular India (Gujarat, Maharashtra, interior Andhra Pradesh, Tamil nadu, Karnataka and Kerala)

General performance factors

Mean cane yield: 116.69 t/ha   Mean sugar yield: 16.83 t/ha
Mean sucrose % in juice (12 months): 18.76%
Disease reaction: Resistance to red rot  and wilt
Others: (a) Tolerant to drought and salinity; (b) Tolerant to internode borer
(c) Golden yellow A1 quality jaggery                 (d) Shy flowering habit

General characteristics

The variety has excellent field habits like erectness; early vigorous growth, dark green foliage, tall canes without spines or splits and 14% mean fibre content.

Right seed

 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in collaboration with Sugar Cane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore released many high yielding varieties with high recovery to suit various eco systems and other biotic and abiotic problematic area and of which the following listed varieties can be recommended for higher cane productivity.

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Important variety performance

 

Variety

Performance

CCS%

Yield  (t/ha)

Co 86032

Performs well in all soil types and extremely well in garden land condition. Good quality cane with higher yield. Has multi ratooning capacity. Can be grown throughout the year. Gives higher recovery. Self detrashing in nature. Amenable for wide row spacing.

13.0

110.0

CoV 92102

High quality variety with yield on par with Co 86032. Self stripping with good field habit. Non flowering. Performs well in red, clay and alkaline soils. Ratoon performance is satisfactory.

12.2

115

CoSi 95071

Performs well in December, January and February planting.

12.9

152.0

CoC 90063

Non lodging, high tillering, high yield and good quality. Drought and alkaline tolerant variety and good ratooner.

12.30

124.0

Co 86027

Suitable for mid late planting. Moderate yielder with high sugar. Non lodging and non flowering.

12.2

132

CoV 94101

Good ratooner. Non lodging. Suitable for early planting. Thick cane with good tillering.

12.1

120

Co 85019

Drought tolerant variety. Resistant to red rot.

12.5

134.5

Co 86249

Red rot resistant, Drought tolerant, high yielding.

11.3

128.7

CoV 94102

Yield is on par with Co 86032 and quality is lower than  Co 86032

12.2

123

CoSi(Sc) 6

High yielder and high quality. Drought tolerant moderately resistant to red rot.

13.1

142.0

CoG(Sc)5

High yielder suitable for jaggary making and tannery effluent soils

12.7

115.0

CoC(Sc)22

High yielder and high quality drought tolerant moderately resistant to red rot.

12.1

135.9

CoC(SC) 23

Good ratooner. Non lodging. Suitable for early and Special season. Drought tolerant.

12.95

133.05

Source of seed

For the varieties released from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for supply of primary seed materials the Sugarcane Research Stations at Cuddalore, Sirugamani and Melalathur may be contacted. For other varieties promoted by the factories, for seed materials the concerned factories may be contacted.

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Suitable varieties for Kerala

 

Varieties

Salient features

Co Tl 88322 (Madhuri)

Resistant to red rot disease

Co 92175

Suitable for drought prone situation

Co 740

For rationing

Co 6907, Co 7405 and Cul 57/84 (Thirumadhuram):

Red rot resistant, high sugar content

Cul 527/85 (Madhurima)

Resistant to red rot, tolerant to drought and water logging

Co 88017 (Madhumathi)

Resistant to red rot, tolerant to drought and water logging

Co 91010 (Dhanush)

Resistant to smut, moderately susceptible to red rot,  tolerant to drought

Co 87025 (Kalyani)

Resistant to smut, field resistant to red rot, tolerant to drought and water logging

Co 87044 (Uttara)

Moderately resistant to smut, moderately susceptible to red rot

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Suitable varieties for Karnataka

 

Sl No.

Variety

Sucrose%

Region

Planting Season

Age at harvest (months)

Expected Sugar
 Recovery %

1.

Co 8371
Co 86032

12.5

Southern & Coastal & Karnataka

Aug. 1st week onwards

12 to 14

11.0 to 12.0

2.

C0 7804
Co 62174
Co 740, Co 98014

13.0

Central Karnataka

June, July, Aug, Oct & Nov.   

12 to 14

11.0 to  11.5

3.

CoC 671
Co 94012
Co 86032
Co 92020
Co6415
Co 7704

14.5

Central& North Karnataka

Oct to Jan.

12 to 14

12.0 to 12.5

4.

CoC 671
Co 86032
Co94012 SNK 754
SNK 61
SNK44

13.2

North Karnataka

June  to February

12 to 14

12.0 to 12.5

Gallery

1 2 3

 

4 5 6

 

7 8 9

 

 

 

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