| Apple |
Propagation
Grafting
- Apples are propagated by several methods viz.; whip, tongue, cleft and roots grafting.
- Tongue and cleft grafting at 10-15 cm above the collar during February-March gives the best results.
- Usually grafting is done at the end of winter
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| Budding |
- Apples are mostly propagated by shield budding, which gives a high percentage of success.
- In shield budding a single bud along with a shield piece of stem is cut along with the scion and inserted beneath the rind of the rootstock through a 'T' shaped incision during active growth period.
- Budding is done when the buds are fully formed during summer.
- The optimum time of budding is September in Kashmir Valley, Kumaon hills of Uttaranchal, high hills of Himachal Pradesh and June in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh
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| Rootstocks |
- Most of the apple plants are grafted or budded on seedling of wild crab apple.
- The seedling rootstocks obtained from the seeds of diploid cultivars like Golden Delicious, Yellow Newton, Wealthy, Macintosh and Granny Smith also can be used.
- High density planting is done using dwarfing rootstocks (M9, M4, M7and M106).
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