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Post Harvest Technology :: Equipments and Machineries

 

Tools, machines or equipments Purposes/Uses
Autoclave For sterilizing / heating the food.
Blenders For mixing of the ingredients.
Blanchers For blanching of fruits and vegetables to inactivate enzymes that cause deterioration in colour and flavour during drying and subsequent storage. Blanching may be carried out using water or steam.
Bottle filling machine For filling the bottles automatically.
Bottle sterilizers For sterilizing the bottles.
Bottle washing machine For cleaning and washing of bottles. Bottle washers may be of bristle, hydro or soaker type or a combination of these.
Brew equipment / Fermentors For brewing of beverages.
Butter churns Use for butter production.
Butyrometers For measuring the fat content in milk
Butter pats Used to knead and form butter. It also removes excess moisture and produces a uniform texture.
Cabinet drier For drying of food items.
Canning equipment Aid in canning process which involves filling the food into can, fitting the lid and heating the can in a retort to sterilizer the food.
Cap sealing machine For sealing the bottles
Can opener For opening of cans
Carbonating equipment Makes carbonated drinks using high-pressure carbon dioxide.
Centrifuges Separation of substances like cream, honey and juices using the principle of centrifugal force.
Cheese moulds, presses and kits For making cheese.
Chopper For chopping fruits and vegetables.
Cleaners To wash and clean fruits and vegetables, remove chaff and other impurities from grain.
Cooling tank For cooling food materials
Crown corking machine For sealing the bottles
Curd making equipment For making and storing curds. Specially designed for curd to avoid whey corrosion.
Cutting, slicing and dicing equipment For cutting, slicing and dicing various food products.
Deaerators For removal of air present in fruit juices
Decorticators (shellers) For decortications/shelling of maize, groundnuts, cashew nuts, peas, walnuts, cocoa, coffee, sunflower, etc.
Destoner Separates grain mass
Dryers For drying and dehydration.
Enrobers Used to coat foods in chocolate, butter or other coating materials.
Evaporators For evaporation of water.
Exhaust box For removal of air in cans
Expellers For expression of oil from oilseed sand nuts.
Extruding machines Used for making extruded products such as snack foods from cereals.
Filling machines Filling of liquid and solid materials into containers and pouches.
Fillers, sieves and strainers Used for filtration, sieving and straining of oils, juices, powders/flours etc.
Flaking and splitting machine For making rice flakes and dhal splits.
Formfill and seal machine For packaging of the liquid and semi solid foods
Freezer for freezing of food materials
Fryers For frying.
Grating equipment For grating various food materials.
Grills For grilling of meat, fish and other products.
Heater and hotplates For heating water and other items.
Homogenizers To form a stable emulsion form two immiscible liquids.
Ice-cream making equipment For ice-cream making.
Incubators To hold food items at a preset temperature.
Jelmeter For testing the pectin content in fruits/food.
Lactometers For measuring the lactose content in milk
Kneaders For mixing the ingredients.
Measuring cylinders/jugs For measuring of raw and finished food products.
Mills and grinders For grinding cereals, pulses, spices, sugar etc. Will also reduce liquid suspensions to a finer particle size.
Mincers For grinding met for sausages and patties.
Mixers For mixing various ingredients into a homogeneous mixture.
Moulds and baking units Used in bakery production.
Ovens For cooking, roasting and baking.
Packaging equipment Packaging of different food materials.
Pans and kettles For cooking, coating, etc. of food items.
Pasta machines For making pasta foods.
Peeling equipment Used for peeling and coring of fruits and vegetables.
Presses For extraction of oil, juices, pulp, etc.
Pressure cookers For cooking of food.
Puffing machines For puffing grains like cereals and pulses.
Pulpers and juicers Used for the extraction of pulp and juices especially fruits and vegetables.
Pulverizer simple machine that grinds without stone.
Refractometer For checking the TSS (Bx) in fruits and its product
Refrigerator For cooling and preservation of food.
Roasting equipment For roasting coffee, cocoa, cashew nut, peanut, soybean, etc.
Rolling equipment To roll pastry and pasta. Papad is also made.
Salometer For testing the salt content in food.
Sealing machine For sealing the polyethylene bags.
Shrink film packaging machine For packing the food materials.
Steam boiler To produce steam with high temperature
Steam jacketed kettles To concentrate the raw extracted pulp and for cooking of food items
Sorting equipment Used for grading food items on the basis of size, density or shape, colour sorters are also available.
Spray drier For drying the liquid food items
Squeezer For squeezing the juice.
Threshers For threshing grain and oilseed crops.
Thermometers For checking the temperature during processing
Tin containers For canning of food in containers.
Vacuum packaging  machine For packing the food materials under vacuum condition.
Water softener For removal of hardness of water
Weighing machine For weighing the food ingredients.
Wooden laddles For stirring

 

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF BAKERY PRODUCTS

Tools, machines or equipments Purposes/Uses
Weighing Machine For weighing materials and finished products.
Baking Oven For baking the food items
Flour Mixer For mixing the batter or dough for cakes, breads, bun and pastries.
Dough Divider For dividing the bread dough in the correct proportion and with equal weight.
Rounder For handing up the out dough before putting it into moulder.
Cake mould The batter or dough is put into the mould and baked
Bread Slicer For slicing the bread to very thin slices.
Bread Packing or Wrapping Machine Automatic packing machines are used for wrapping the bread or cake
Sealing machine For sealing the polythene bags and other bags etc.
Cake Decoration Tools For icing the cake and for other decoration

SOURCE

1. Post Harvest Technology Centre, TNAU, Coimbatore.
2.  Home Science College and Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai.
3. http://unapcaem.org/Activities%20Files/A20/5%20India.pdf
4. ESCAP, 1997

 
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