Land requirement
- Land should be free of volunteer plants.
- The previous crop should not be the same variety or other varieties of the same crop.
- It can be the same variety if it is certified as per the procedures of certification agency
Isolation
- For certified / quality seed production leave a distance of 5 m all around the field from the same and other varieties of the crop
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Land Prepration |
Pre-sowing seed treatment
- Remove all discoloured seeds and use only normal coloured seeds (olive green in greengram).
- Do not select bruchid infested seeds for sowing.
- If the presence of hard seed percentage exceeds more than 10 %, scarify the seeds with commercial H2SO4 for 2 min.
- Both for the garden and dry land ecosystem, harden the greengram seeds in 100 ppm MnSO4 for 3h in a seed to solution ratio of 1:0.3 and for blackgram seeds in 100 ppm ZnSO4 for 3 h in a seed to solution ratio of 1:0.3 and dry back the seeds to original seed moisture content (8 - 9%) under shade (or)
- In blackgram, fortify the seeds with ZnSO4 0.2%, MnSO4 0.2% and Na2MO4 0.1% in 1/3 volume to enhance the field establishment under irrigated conditions (or)
- In both the crops as organic treatment, soak the seeds in 3 % cowpea sprout extract for 3 h in seed to solution ratio of 3:1 ratio.
- In mine soil, soak seeds with 100 ppm ZnSO4 for 3 h in seed solution ratio of 1:1 and coat with black polykote @ 3 g/ kg + carbendazim @ 2g / kg + dimethoate @ 5 ml / kg+ DAP @ 30 g kg-1 + micro nutrient mixture @ 20 g / kg + Rhizobium @ 30 g / kg
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Early Stage |
Flowering Stage |
Pod Formation |
Fertilizer
- NPK @ 25 : 50 : 25 kg / ha + 5 kg / ha of TN micro nutrient mixture
Foliar application
- Spray 2% DAP at the time of first appearance of flowers and a second spray 15 days after first spray for enhanced seed set.
- Spray NAA 40 ppm at first flowering and a second spray after a fortnight to reduce the flower drop.NAA can be mixed with insecticides and fungicides.
- Spray 0.1 % brassinoloid on 35th and 45th day after sowing (or) spray with 3 % cowpea extract at 30 days after sowing (or) spray with 0.5 % Nutrigold at 30 / 40 days after sowing
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Basal application |
Harvest
- Harvest the pods 30 days after the 50 per cent flowering for greengram.
- At this stage the colour of majority of the pods (80%) will be brown in greengram.
- The pod moisture content will be about 17 – 18%.
- Harvest the pods as pickings if the flowering period is longer.
- Dry the pods to 13 to 15 per cent moisture content
Threshing
- Thresh the pods either with pliable bamboo stick or pulse thresher
Drying
- Dry the seeds to 8 - 9 per cent moisture content
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Harvesting stage |
Seed grading
- Grade the seeds using BSS 7 x 7 wire mesh sieve for large seeded varieties.
- Do not select the discoloured and broken seeds for seed
Seed treatment
- Slurry treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2g kg-1 of seed along with carbaryl @ 200 mg kg-1 of seed (or)
- Slurry treat the seeds with halogen mixture (CaOCl2 + CaCO3 + arappu (Albizzia amara) leaf powder mixed in the ratio of 5:4:1 ) @ 3g kg-1 of seed as eco – friendly treatment
- Treat the seed with neem oil/ groundnut oil or leaf powder of tobacco/ notchi/ neem/ Albizzia amara (arappu) or fruit rind powder of Sapindus laurifolius (Poochi kottai) or Acacia concinna (Soapnut powder) in the ratio of 1:100. (or)
- Expose the seeds thrice with 50 % CO2 (4 days for 50 kg container) at 8 % moisture content at 15 days interval
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Storage
- Grade the seeds using BSS 7 x 7 wire mesh sieve for large seeded varieties.
- Do not select the discoloured and broken seeds for seed
Seed treatment
- Store the seeds in gunny or cloth bags for short term storage (8-9 months) with seed moisture content of 8 – 9%.
- Store the seeds in polylined gunny bag for medium term storage (12- 15 months) with seed moisture content of 8 – 9 %.
- Store the seeds in 700 gauge polythene bag for long term storage (more than15 months) with seed moisture content of less than 8
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Source
The Professor and Head,
Department of Seed Science & Technology,
TNAU, Coimbatore-641003.
Phone:0422-6611363
Email: seed@tnau.ac.in
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