Sub Topics

Short Duration

Medium Duration

Long Duration

Ruling Varieties

New Varieties

Traditional Varieties

Paddy Varieties of Tamil Nadu

Short duration varieties
Duration (Days)	Suitable seasons	Suitable varieties
90 - 120 days	Navarai, Sornavari, Kar, Kuruvai, Late Thaladi	ADT 36, IR 50, IR 64, IR 36, MDU 3, CO 47, ASD 16, ASD 17, ADT 37, TPS 2, ADT 39, ASD 18, MDU 4, PMK 2, ADT 42, MDU 5, ASD 20, ADT 43, TKM 11, ADT (RH)1, ADT (R) 45, TKM (R) 12, TRY (R) 2, PMK (R) 3, ADT (R) 47, ADT (R) 48.

Medium duration varieties
Duration (Days)	Suitable seasons	Suitable varieties
120-140 days	Early Samba, Samba, Late Samba, Thaladi/Pishanam, Late Thaladi, Late Pishanam.	IR 20, Bhavani, IR 50, CO 43, White Ponni, ADT 38, TPS 2, TKM 10, TPS 3, ASD 19, TRY 1, CO 46, CORH 2& ADT(R) 46.
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Long duration varieties
Duration (Days)	Suitable seasons	Suitable varieties
140-180 days	Early Samba, Samba, Late Samba, Thaladi/Pishanam, Late Pishanam.	Ponmani, PY 4(JAWAHAR), ADT(R) 44
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Ruling varieties in Tamil Nadu

Short duration varieties	IR-64, CO-47, ADT-36, ADT-37, ADT-43, ADT-45, ADT-47, ADT-48, ASD-16, ASD-17, ASD-20 and MDU-5

Medium duration varieties	IR 20, IR 36, CO 43, CO 46, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 46, Bhavani, MDU 3, MDU 4, TRY 1, ASD 19, TPS 2, TPS 3 and white ponni

Long duration varieties	Ponmani(CR 1009), BPT 5204, and ADT 44

Hybrids	CORH 1, CORH 2, CORH 3, ADTRH 1

Ruling Varieties - Short Duration

	IR 64
	Parentage:IR 5657-33-2-1/ IR 2061-465-1-5-3 Duration(Days):115 – 120 Average yield(Kg/ha) :6146 1000 Grain weight(g) :23.1 Grain type : Long slender Habit : Semi dwarf Rice Color : White
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CO 47
Parentage – IR 50 / CO 43 Duration (Days) – 110-115 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5832 1000 grain weight (g) – 20.6 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Erect Rice Color – White Special features – Resistant to Blast
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	ADT 36
	Parentage – Triveni x IR 20 Duration (Days) –110 Average yield (Kg/ha) –4000 1000 grain weight (g) – 20.6 Grain type – Medium Habit – Erect Rice Color - White Special features – Resistant to Blast and Brown Plant Hopper
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ADT 37
Parentage – BG 280-12/ PTB 33 Duration (Days) –105 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6200 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.4 Grain type – Short bold Habit – Semi dwarf, Semi erect Rice color - White Special features – Resistant to many pest and diseases Seed dormancy – 60 days
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	ADT 43
	Parentage – IR 50/White ponni Duration (Days) –110 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5900 1000 grain weight (g) – 15.5 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color - White Special features - Resistant to Green Leaf Hopper, high tillering and fine rice
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ADT 45
Parentage – IR 50/ADT 37 Duration (Days) – 110 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6100 1000 grain weight (g) – 17.5 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf, Erect Rice color – White Special features - Resistant to Gall midge and moderately resistant to Brown Plant Hopper
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	ADT 47
	Parentage – ADT 43/Jeeragasamba Duration (Days) –118 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6200 1000 grain weight (g) – 13.5 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf and erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to stem borer, White Backed Plant Hopper and sheath blight.
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ADT 48
Parentage – IET 11412/ IR 64 Duration (Days) – 94-99 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 4800 1000 grain weight (g) – 22.0 Grain type – Long slender Habit – Semi dwarf and erect Rice color – White Special features - Resistant to Green Leaf Hopper, Gall midge and Stem borer
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	ASD 16
	Parentage – ADT 31/CO 39 Duration (Days) – 110 - 115 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5600 1000 grain weight (g) – 24.2 Grain type – Short Bold Habit – Semi dwarf erect Rice color – White Special features – Medium tillering, Resistant to Blast
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ASD 17
Parentage – ADT 31/RATNA/ASD 8/IR 8 Duration (Days) – 95-101 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5422 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.8 Grain type – Short bold Habit – Semi dwarf, slightly open Rice color – White Special features – Moderately resistant to Brown Plant Hopper, Susceptible to gall midge
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	ASD 20
	Parentage – IR 18348/IR25863/IR 58 Duration (Days) – 110 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6000 1000 grain weight (g) – 22.08 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to many pest and diseases
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MDU 5
Parentage – O.glaberrima x Pokkali Duration (Days) – 95 - 100 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 21.1 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to Drought, suitable for dry and transplanted condition
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Ruling Varieties - Medium Duration

	IR 20
	Parentage – IR 262 X TKM 6 Duration (Days) – 130 - 135 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 19 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi-dwarf Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to stem borer
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IR 36
Parentage – IR 1561-228/1 IR 244/O.nivara/CR 94-13 Duration (Days) – 120 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 21 Grain type – Medium Habit – Dwarf Erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to Brown Plant Hopper, Moderately resistant to stem borer and Bacterial Leaf Blight
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	CO 43
	Parentage – Dasal x IR 20 Duration (Days) – 135 - 140 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5200 1000 grain weight (g) – 20 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Erect Rice color – White Special features – Tolerant to saline and alkaline soil
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CO 46
Parentage – T7/IR 20 Duration (Days) – 125 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6000 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.5 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Tall erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to Brown Plant Hopper
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	ADT 38
	Parentage – IR 1529-680-3-2/ IR 4432-52-6-4/ IR 7963-30-2 Duration (Days) – 130 - 135 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6200 1000 grain weight (g) – 21 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Semi dwarf, erect Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to many pest, Susceptible to Bacterial Leaf Blight, Seed viability period is low
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ADT 39
Parentage – IR 8/IR 20 Duration (Days) – 120 - 125 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 18 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to Blast and sheath rot
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	ADT 46
	Parentage – ADT38 / CO 45 Duration (Days) – 135 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6656 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.8 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Erect, semi-dwarf Rice color – White Special features- Resistant to Stem borer and Leaf folder
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Bhavani
Parentage – Peta x BPI 76 Duration (Days) – 130 - 135 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 21.5 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Medium tall Rice color – White
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	MDU 3
	Parentage – IR 8/W 1263 Duration (Days) – 120 - 125 Average yield (Kg/ha) - 5000 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.1 Grain type – Long Slender Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features - Highly resistant to Gall Midge, resistant to Brown Plant Hopper, leaf blast, moderately resistant to White Backed Plant Hopper, Brown Spot and neck blast
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MDU 4
Parentage – AC 2836/Jagannath Duration (Days) – 120 - 125 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5900 1000 grain weight (g) – 22.9 Grain type – Long slender Habit – Erect, tall Rice color – White Special features - cold tolerant
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	TRY 1
	Parentage – IR578-172-2-2/BR-1-2-B-1 Duration (Days) – 135-140 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5255 1000 grain weight (g) – 24 Grain type – Medium Habit – Erect Rice color – White Special features - Suitable for making flaked rice (Aval) and puffed rice (pori)
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ASD 19
Parentage – Lalnakanda / IR 30 Duration (Days) – 127 (120 - 132) Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5800 1000 grain weight (g) – 18.39 Grain type – Short, slender Habit – Semi-dwarf, erect Rice color – White Special features - Resistant to blast and Brown Plant Hopper
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	TPS 2
	Parentage – IR 26 / CO 40 Duration (Days) – 125 - 130 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 4615 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.5 Grain type – Short Bold Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features - Moderately resistant to Brown Plant Hopper and leaf folder, Resistant to rice white tip nematode,Moderately resistant to blast and bacterial leaf blight
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TPS 3
Parentage – RP 31-492/LMN Duration (Days) – 135 -140 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5600 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.2 Grain type – Short Bold Habit – Semi dwarf/erect Rice color – White Special features - Resistant to blast and Leaf folder
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	White ponni
	Parentage – Taichung 65/2/Mayang Ebos-80 Duration (Days) – 135 - 140 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 4500 1000 grain weight (g) – 16.4 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Medium tall Rice color – White Special features – Fine grain quality Rice, Resistant to Rice Tungro Virus, Moderately resistant to Brown Spot and Blast
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Ruling Varieties - Long Duration

ADT 44
Parentage – IR56 / OR142-99 Duration (Days) – 148 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6214 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.9 Grain type – Short Bold Habit – Medium Tall Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to blast, Green leaf hopper, Stem borer, Brown spot and Leaf Folder
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	Ponmani(CR 1009)
	Parentage – Pankaj x Jagannath Duration (Days) – 155 - 160 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 5300 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.5 Grain type – Short bold Habit – Erect Rice color – White Special features - Resistant to Brown plant hopper and high yield potential.
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BPT 5204
Parentage – GEB-24 x T(N)1 x Mahsuri Duration (Days) – 150 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6000 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features – Resistant to Blast, suitable for Rainfed Shallow Low Land.
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	PY 4(Jawahar)
	Parentage – IR 8 X H4 Duration (Days) – 145 - 150 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6200 1000 grain weight (g) – 24.8 Grain type – Long bold Habit – Semi dwarf, erect Rice color – White Suitable season - Samba Season Special features –Tolerant to Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot, Rice Tungro virus, Sheath rot, leaf folder and stem borer
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Ruling Varieties - Hybrids

CORH 1
Parentage – IR-62829 A x IR 10198-66-2 R Duration (Days) – 110-115 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6000 Grain type – Medium slender Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features – moderately resistant to Sheahth Blight, Brown Spot, Green leaf hopper, Rice Tungro virus and Brown plant hopper
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	CORH 2
	Parentage – IR 58025 A/C 20R Duration (Days) – 125 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6100 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.77 Grain type – Medium Habit – Semi dwarf Rice color – White Special features - High yield potential
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CORH 3
Parentage : TNAU CMS 2A / CB 87 R Duration (days) : 110 – 115 Season : Kar / Kuruvai / Sornawari / Navarai Yield (Kg/ha) : 6600 Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - White Special features - High yield potential, Tolerant to blast and Rice tungro virus, Resistant to Green leaf hopper and tolerant to White backed plant hopper and Brown Plant Hopper
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	ADTRH 1
	Parentage – IR 58025 A/ IR 66 R Duration (Days) – 115 Average yield (Kg/ha) – 6400 1000 grain weight (g) – 23.8 Grain type – Long slender Habit – Semi dwarf, erect Rice color – White milky, scented Special features – High yield potential
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New varieties of Paddy

CORH 3
Year of release - 2006 Parentage - TNAU CMS 2A / CB 87 R Duration (days) - 110 – 115 Season - Kar / Kuruvai / Sornawari / Navarai Yield (Kg/ha) - 6600 Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - White Special features - High yield potential, Tolerant to blast and Rice tungro virus, Resistant to Green leaf hopper and tolerant to White backed plant hopper and Brown Plant Hopper
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	RMD(R) 1
	Year of release - 2006 Parentage - Selection from TGR 75R Duration (days) - 100-105 Season : September – October (Rainfed direct sowing) Yield (Kg/ha) - 4000 Grain type - Semi dwarf Rice color - Long bold white rice Special features - Drought tolerant. Resistant to stem borer and leaf folder, Tolerant to bacterial leaf blight, blast and sheath rot
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TPS(R) 4
Year of release - 2006 Parentage - TS 29 / ASD 16 Duration (days) - 95 Season : Kannipoo (Jun-Sept.) - Kumbapoo (Oct.-Feb.) Yield (Kg/ha) - 6000 Grain type - Medium bold Rice color - White Special features - Field tolerance to disease blast, brown spot and sheath blight and stem borer, leaf folder, Brown plant hopper and Green leaf hopper.
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	CO(R) 48
	Year of release - 2007 Parentage - CO 43 / ASD 19 Duration (days) - 130 – 135 Season - Thaladi Yield (Kg/ha) - 9625 Grain type - Medium Slender Rice color - White rice Special features - Moderately resistant to stem borer and hoppers, blast, Rice tungro virus and sheath blight
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CO(R) 49
Year of release - 2008 Parentage - C 20 / RNR 52147 Duration (days) - 130-135 Season - Late Samba / Thaladi Yield (Kg/ha) - 6286 Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - White fine rice Special features - Moderately resistant to blast and Rice Tungro Disease. Moderately resistant to yellow stem borer and Green Leaf Hopper
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	PMK(R) 4 or Anna(R) 4
	Year of release - 2009 Parentage - Pantdhan 10 / IET 9911 Duration (days) - 100 - 105 Season - Samba (September – October) Yield - 3.7 tonnes / ha Grain type - Semi dwarf, erect and non–lodging Rice color - Long slender white rice Special features - Drought tolerant
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CO(R) 50
Year of release - 2010 Parentage - CO 43 / ADT 38 Duration (days) - 130 -135 Season - Late Samba / Thaladi Yield (Kg/ha) - 6338 Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - White fine rice Special features - Moderately resistant to blast, sheath blight, brown spot, bacterial leaf blight and rice tungro disease
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	TRY 3
	Year of release - 2010 Parentage - ADT 43 / Jeeraga Samba Duration (days) - 135 Season - Samba / Late Samba / Thaladi Yield (Kg/ha) - 5833 / ha Grain type - Medium bold grain Rice color - white rice Special features - Resistant to leaf folder, stem borer, brown plant hopper, blast, brown spot, sheath rot and sheath blight
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ADT 49
Year of release - 2011 Parentage - CR 1009/Jeeragasamba Duration - 130 to 137 days Season - Late samba / Thaladi Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - white rice Yield - 6173 kg/ha (10.5% over BPT 5204) Highest yield obtained - 10,250 kg/ha Recommended districts - All districts of Tamil Nadu except Virudhunagar, Ramnad, Sivaganga and The Nilgiris Special features - 1000 grain weight - 14.0 g Head rice yield - 71.3% Non-sticky cooked rice Moderately resistant to blast, sheath rot, sheath blight and resistant to RTD under artificial conditions Moderately resistant to leaf folder and brown spot under field conditions
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	CORH 4
	Year of release - 2011 Parentage - COMS 23 A / CB 174 R Duration - 130 – 135 days Season - Late samba / Thaladi Grain type - Medium slender Rice color - White rice Yield - 7348 kg/ha (14% over 27 P11) Highest yield obtained - 11250 kg/ha Recommended districts - Suitable for cultivation as transplanted Hybrid rice throughout Tamil Nadu except Virudhunagar, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and Nilgris districts Special features - Medium duration hybrid Intermediate amylose content with high linear elongation ratio on cooking. Resistant to blast, brown spot and moderately resistant to WBPH, GLH, sheath blight, sheath rot and RTD.
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Traditional varieties of Paddy

Puzhuthi Kar Nel – Dry Land Rice

Grown in Western Ghats bounded in Erode district under rain fed and garden land conditions.
Direct sown crop.
Crop duration is 125-130 days and the average height of the crop is 130 cm.
Susceptible for lodging.
Rice are bold and red coloured.

	Kalurundai
	Grown in Nagapattinam district Late Samba (Sep 15 – Feb 14) and Navarai (Dec 15 - Mar14) are the best suited season. Requires clay loam soil for better growth. Direct sown crop with duration of 120 days. It grows upto a height of 120 cm. It is resistant to drought, pest and disease as well as salinity. Colour of the grain is yellow with black colour faded stripes. Rice is bold sized with pale yellow colour. Straw obtained from this rice variety is used for thatching roof.
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Soolai kuruvai
Grown in coastal villages in Sempodai, Periyakuthagai, Thopputhurai at Nagai District. Late samba (Sep 15-Feb 14) and Kuruvai (June 1-Aug 31) are the suitable season. Clay loam and coastal saline soils are well suitable. Grown in both irrigated or rain fed conditions. Crop duration is 130-140 days and grows upto a height of 110-120 cm. The feature of this variety is motta or bold and pale dirty brown color. Straw used for cattle feed and also used for thatching roof
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	Kuzhi Vedichan
	Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district Samba (July 15 – Jan 14) is the apt season for cultivating Kuzhi vedichan. It grows well in sandy clay soil and saline soil, so that it is very well suited for coastal areas It is resistant to salinity, drought and pest and diseases It is a short duration crop and the cropping cycle is 110 days Size of the grain is bold in nature with pale dirty white colour. The specific character of this variety is induced milk secretion in lactating women Even when the field is flooded and the crop lodges, it has an unique feature of tillering again.
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Val Sivappu
Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Late samba (Sep 15-Feb 14) Sandy clay and saline soils are most favourable soil Saline as well as drought tolerant. Crop duration is 145-150 days and grows upto 160cm in height Red in colour and also good taste Posterior end of each grain has a single bristle like structure which looks like a small bird’s tail
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	Vellai Kuruvi Kar
	Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Samba (July15-Jan 14) and late samba (Sep 15-Feb 14) are the best suited seasons. Crop duration is 125-135 days out of which 25-30 days are nursery period. In upland conditions, direct sowing can be followed. This variety grows upto 100-120 cm. Both the grains as well as straw are pale yellow to dirty white colour. During tillering stage, rat damage will be more because the stem is tastier.
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Seeraga Samba
Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk at Nagapattinam district 125-130 days, Samba variety and suited method is transplanting The nursery period is 30-35 days. The plant grows upto a height of 80.5 cm. The grain size is also very small and fine. It is highly used for making briyani on the special occasion.
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	Pichavari
	Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Tolerant to flood and drought and Thaladi crop. Direct sowing and transplanting system are used. Crop duration is 110-115 days
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Suran Kuruvai
Grown in Vellapalam and Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Samba and late samba period. Crop duration is 130-135 days and the nursery period is 30-35 days. Rice is dark brown and coarse in texture.
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	Vai Kunda
	Grown in Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Direct sowing and transplanting system. 145-150 days and nursery period is 35-40 days is inclusive. Tolerant to flood and drought.
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Kichedi samba
Grown in Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Samba variety with 140 days. Rice colour is pale white. Special feature of this variety is resistant to pest and diseases.
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	Chinna samba / Sada samba
	Grown in Keevalur taluk of Nagapattinam district. Samba variety with 140 days in which 30 days are nursery period. Grain is light green in colour during panicle initiation and milky stage, whereas in maturity stage it becomes pale yellow colour.
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Kuthiraival Samba
Grown in Kampalathupatti village in Trichy district. Samba season (July 15-Jan 14). Crop duration is 140-150 days. Resistant to lodging and also resistant to pest and disease. Grain colour is yellowish, whereas rice is pure white in colour.
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	Mara nel
	Grown in Thenkanikottai taluk of Krishnagiri district. Crop duration is 120-125 days and Late samba and Navarai(Summer) variety. Transplanting method is used for cultivation. The rice is red in colour and coarse in texture. Grains of this variety have a tough seed coat. So the grains do not germinate even if there is heavy rainfall at the time of harvest. Resistant to storage pest because of the hard seed coat.
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Kallimadayaan
Grown in Iyerpalayam village of Perambalur district. Six months variety. It has good tillering ability with a plant height ranging from 110-120cm. The panicle length is 30 cm. Yields bold grains and has the potential to give two tonnes per acre. The colour of the grain is white. It is resistant to stem borer, ear head bug and also blight disease. Nursery period is 35-60 days.
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	Karuppukavuni
	Grown in Anumandhakudi village in Sivagangai district. 150-170 days and Suitable season for growing this variety is September – January. Suitable to direct sowing. Needs only organic manures such as green and green leaf manure. Profuse tillering. The colour of the grain is black and it is only used for sweet making along with coconut milk and it is not suitable for meals preparation. Tillers are moist in nature and it fetches good weight. It requires lesser quantity of water comparatively and suitable for black cotton soil and red soil in dry lands.
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Chandikaar
Grown in Anumandhakudi village in Sivagangai district. Season is September – January. The people often cut out the stem after three months of sowing to prevent lodging. It is suitable for black cotton soil, red soil and saline soil. It is suitable for direct sowing and transplanting. Resistant to paddy blight disease.
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	Varappukkodanchan
	Grown in Chatrakudi village in Ramnad district. Suitable for rain fed condition, drought resistant and tall variety. The outer skin is black in colour and the rice is red in colour. Farmers believe it gives more energy compared to other fine rice varieties for working people and the straw yield is very higher. Three months variety and it is sown normally in the middle of Puratasi(September) and harvested in the month of Tai(January).
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Kuliparichan
Grown in Pallabachery village in Ramnad district. Variety is suitable for coastal sandy soil and drought resistant and tall variety. The outer skin is slightly dark. The inner grain is bold and round and the cooked rice has good shelf-life. Three months variety and it is sown normally in the middle of Puratasi(September) and harvested in the month of Tai(January).
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	Chitrakar
	Grown in Thirupullani tracts of Ramnad district. Peasants generally name all these local cultivars in the name of mattai or norungan. Suitable for coastal sandy soils and drought resistant and tall variety. The duration of the variety is 110 days. It is sown normally in the middle of September and harvested in the month of January.
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Sivappu Chitraikar
Grown in Paramakudi tracts. Skin is slightly black in colour and the inner skin is red in colour. Drought resistant and tall variety and 110 days crop. Sown in the month of “Aavani” and harvested in the month of “Thai”. Farmers mainly rely on these traditional varieties rather than other varieties. “Rice kanji” of sivappu chitraikar is very tastier than other red rice varieties.
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	Murungaikar
	Grown in Ramnad areas and it is suitable for even very low rainfall periods. Yield of murungaikar is 1000-1300 kg per acre in normal rain fed conditions The crop is sown normally in the month of Aavani (August) and harvested in Markazhi (January). Goat manure and Urea alone are applied generally to the Murungaikar field.
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Nootripathu
Grown in Ramnad district. The outer skin is white in colour and the inner coat is red in colour. It is the drought resistant and tall variety. The rice kanji of this variety is good in taste and sown in “Aavani” and harvested in “Thai”. Some of the fields nearer to vaigai river basin, clay soil is found. The rainfed red rice varieties grow very well in clay soils rather than black and red soils.
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	Ariyaan
	There are 4 types of Ariyaan rice varieties grown in sandy soils of Regunathapuram areas at Ramnad district. Viz, “Vellai Ariyaan”, Karuppu Ariyaan, Sivappu Ariyaan, and Vazhai Ariyaan. All Ariyaan varieties have awns. It grows very tall upto 5.5 to 6.5 feet. The duration of all the Ariyaan varieties is 120 days. They are sown in the month of Ayppasi (October-November) and harvested in the month of Thai(January). This variety is suitable for coastal sandy soils and drought resistant tall variety. It needs at least one rainfall shower in first 3 months for higher yield. The harvesting is done in three stages viz. top portion cut at first, middle portion cut at thereafter and bottom portion is cut at last. It is affected by leaf folder and stem borer.
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Sadaikkar
It is available only in Aakadavalasai village in Ramanathapuram district. It has medicinal properties. It is used to cure wound injuries in leg and hand by applying over the wounded portion. Most of the local “maattu vaidyars” (Ethno Veterinary practicers) are using this rice for its medicinal value. The sowing season is September and harvested in February-March. The crop needs at least three showers in a month and it is not affected by pest and disease generally except leaf folder. It is grown in sandy soils, irrigation through well is not possible because the water will stagnate at surface level.
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	Poongkar
	Grown in Raghunathapuram village at Ramnad district. If the season fails in “Puratasi” (September) another traditional early duration red rice variety of Poongkar is sown in the month of “Karthigai” (October) and it is harvested in Thai (January) but the yield is lowers. Suitable for coastal sandy soils, drought resistant and tall variety. The crop can be able to grow in very less rainfall condition and it is drought tolerant than kuliparichan and varppukodanchan
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Kuruvai kalanchium
Grown generally in Ramnad district. The duration of the variety is 110 days and it is sown normally in the month of Aavani and harvested in the month of Thai. The seed rate is 40-50 kg per acre for direct sowing. The paddy straw yield from an acre is one tonnes. Rice kanji of Kuruvaikalanchiam is different than “sivappu chitraikar”. The cooked rice is very good in taste even after two days.
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	Norungan
	Grown in Ramnad district with duration of 110 days. Sown in rain fed condition in sandy soils in the month of Ayppasi (October) as rainfed crop and it is harvested in the month of Thai (January). It is affected by leaf folder and stem borer, if there is no sufficient rain water
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Kalurundaikaar
Grown in Paramakudi taluk of Ramnad district. Drought resistant and tall variety. In some fields 3 types of sorghum are grown as border crop. They are red, white and black.
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	Thanga Samba
	Grown in Kanchipuram district. Late samba and samba period is the best season. Crop duration is 160-165 days where 40 days in nursery. The grain is golden colour and fine in texture. The ear head of this variety is very long. This variety of rice is extremely fine and long,it is used for the preparation of special dishes like pula.
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Neelan samba
Grown in Sukkan kollai village in Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable season and duration is 175-180 days. The rice is red in colour and coarse in texture. Highly suitable for water logging condition. Resistant to brown plant hopper and ear head bug. Suitable for lactating women.
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	Vadan Samba
	Grown in Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable and duration is 155-160 days. Direct sown and transplanting is used for growing this variety. The rice is dull white in colour and coarse in texture. Drought resistant. Resistant to pest and disease. Since the grains shatter, it is important to harvest them when they are still green.
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Kaliyan samba
Grown in Sukkan kollai village at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable season and duration is 155-160 days out of which, 40-45 days will be nursery period. Transplanting is used for growing this variety. Rice is red in colour. It grows very tall upto the height of 5.5 feet. It can be grown in water logging and low lying area. Highly resistant to pest and disease.
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	Samba Mozsanam
	Grown in Sukkan kollai village at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable season and the duration is 160-165 days (40-45 days nursery period). Dry sown and transplanting methods is used for growing this variety. The rice is red in colour and coarse in texture. This variety is also called Puzudikal, Erinel and Maduvu muzangi. It is suitable for growing in the vicinity of lakes. It is said that people travelled by boats and harvested the ‘Samba Mosanam’ in the lakes. The variety is good for preparing Aval (Flattened rice), idly and dosa.
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Kadikazhuthan
Grown in Sukkan kollai village at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable season and the duration is 165 days. Transplanting system is used for growing this variety. The rice is white in colour and having the fine quality. It is also known as ‘Garudan samba’. The appearance of the grains is like the neck of the Brahmin kite(Garudan) i.e. it has a white ring and so called this name. It is suitable for making a specialty dish called ‘Puttu’ of South India. It grows well in areas which have good drainage facilities.
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	Pisini
	Grown in Sukkan kollai village of Chengalpet taluk at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best season and the duration of 120 days. The rice has red in colour and having the coarse quality. Highly suitable for making dosa, porridge and aval. Highly resistant to drought. Since the ear heads are found with awn it is important to take extra care while removing the grains.
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Thuyamalli
Grown in Sukkan kollai village at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best suitable season and the duration is 135-140 days. Direct sown and transplanting system is used for growing this variety. The rice is white in colour and having the fine quality. During the flowering stage the ear heads look like flowers. Highly resistant to pest and disease.
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	Kalar palai
	Grown in Sukkan kollai village of Chengalpet taluk at Kanchipuram district. Navarai season is the best season and the duration is 120 days. Transplanting system is used for growing this variety. The rice is brown in colour and having the coarse quality. Resistant to pest and disease. Suitable for kalar nilam i.e. saline soil.
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Kudaivazhai
Grown in Sukkan kollai village of Chengalpet taluk at Kanchipuram district. Late Samba season is best season and duration is 120-125 days. Transplanting is used for growing this variety. The rice has red in colour and having the coarse quality. The ear heads of this variety appear like open umbrellas and hence the name ‘kudaivazhai’. This variety is highly suitable for making dishes such as idly and Dosa. This variety is highly suitable for areas like water logging. This is a short duration variety; hence it can even be cultivated thrice a year.
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	Kumvalai
	Grown in Sukkan kollai village of Chengalpet taluk at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best season and duration is 128-130 days. Direct sown and transplanting is used for growing this variety. The rice is brown in colour and having the coarse quality. Straw is particularly preferred as a roofing material. It is suitable for sandy soil and also water logging area.
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Muttakar
Grown in Edaiyur village of Thirukazhukundram taluk at Kanchipuram district. Navarai season is best season and duration of 120 days in which 30 days will be the nursery period. Wet sown and transplanting is used for growing this variety. The plant grows upto a height of 4.5 feet and it is a lodging type. The rice has red in colour and having the coarse quality.
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	Sempalai
	Grown in Edaiyur village of Thirukazhukundram taluk at Kanchipuram district. Samba season is best season and duration of 100-105 days out of which 21-25 days are nursery period. Direct sown and transplanting system is used for growing this variety. The rice is dull white in colour and coarse quality. It is highly suitable for making ‘Pori’ (puffed rice).
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Kappakar
Grown in Thakandarapuram village of Vandavasi taluk at Thiruvannamalai district. Samba season is best season and duration is 150-160 days in which 40 days will be the nursery period. The seed rate is 50 kg per acre. Dry sown and transplanting system is used for growing this variety. The rice is brown in colour. This variety is highly suitable for making idly and dosa. It gives high yield in clayey soil. It is suitable for growing in water logging areas as well as drought prone areas.
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	Perunkar
	Grown in Thakandarapuram village of Vandavasi taluk at Thiruvannamalai district. Duration of the crop is 120 days and the seed rate for direct sown crop is 35 kg per acre and 40 kg per acre is used for transplanting system. The plant grows to a height of 4.5 feet. Tolerant to stem borer and ear head bug. Suitable for preparing idly and dosa.
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Kalanamak
Kalanamak is one of the finest quality scented rices of India. It was quite popular in Himalayan Tarai of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Tall stature causing lodging, long duration, and low yield and grain quality. Ten germplasm lines were resistant to panicle blast. Similarly several germplasm lines performed well in Usar (saline-sodic) soil of pH 9.0 to 9.5. These selections offer great promise for cultivation in Usar soil. Cooked rice is fluffy, soft, non-sticky, sweet, and easily digestible with relatively longer shelf-life. In local market it earns higher price than Basmati rice, which is approximately 4 to 5 times higher than non-scented rice varieties.
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