Plant protection Pests White stem borer Attacks arabica coffee grown under inadequate shade. Maintain/create optimum shade Borer infested plants should be thoroughly trace, uprooted during March and September, burnt to avoid economic loss during the subsequent years. Install pheromone traps @ 25 /ha, if the incidence is high. Remove the loose scaly bark on the main stem and thick primaries using coir glove or coconut husk. Pad with monocrotophos 36 WSC @ 5 ml by making a window in the stem at 5 cm x 5 cm and fill it with absorbant cotton dipped in insecticide solution and close it.

White stem borer Male Pheromone Trap

• Carry out timely and thorough harvest.
• Avoid gleanings as far as possible.
• Pick up and destroy the gleanings.
• Meticulously remove the leftover berries.
• Remove offseason berries to save main crop.
• Avoid excessive shade.
• Prune plants properly to facilitate better ventilation and illumination.
• Spray Quinalphos 25 EC @ 340 ml/200 lit or lamda cyhalothrin 5 EC 120 – 160 ml / 200 lit.
• While processing at the estate level dry coffee berries to the prescribed moisture level : Arabica / robusta parchment 10 %, Arabica cherry 10.5 % and robusta cherry 11.0 %.

Note: The approximate time is 120 – 150 days after flowering. However decision on pesticide application to be done by closely watching the pest incidence.

• Set up traps with Ethyl: methyl alcohol (1: 1) to attract adults.
• While processing at the estate level dry coffee berries to the prescribed moisture level: Arabica / robusta parchiment 10 %, Arabica cherry 10.5 % and robusta cherry 11.0 %

BerryBorer            Life Cycle

Rust

Rust

Black rot or Koleroga
Centering and handling of the bushes should be done prior to the onset of South-West monsoon. Remove affected twigs. Spray 1% of Bordeaux mixture during break in monsoon.

Collar rot
Treat seeds with Carbendazim 1 g/kg or Carboxin 0.7 g/kg.  Maintain filtered shade in nursery.  Drench nursery beds with Mancozeb or Captan 0.5 g/lit before sowing.

Brown eye spot
Brown eye spot can be controlled by spraying Captan or Mancozeb or Ferbam 2 g/lit or Carbendazim 0.5 g/lit during September.

Black root rot
Dig out and burn infected bushes. Dig a trench 30 cm deep around affected spot along with a ring of healthy bushes. Prune the healthy bushes within and outside the trench to allow sunlight.  Keep the trench free from fallen leaves. Do not replant for 18 months.

Harvest
Harvest starts during November and harvesting extends up to February.  Coffee fruits should be harvested as and when they become ripe.  Coffee is just ripe when on gently squeezing the fruits the beans inside come out easily.  Unripe fruits should be scrupulously sorted out before using the fruits for pulping.  They may be dried separately as cherry.

Fly picking: Small scale picking of ripe berries during October to February

Main picking: Well formed and ripened berries are harvested during December. Bulks of the yields are obtained from this picking.

Stripping: Picking of all the berries left irrespective of ripening.

Cleanings: This is collection of fruits that have been dropped during harvesting.
Unripe fruits should be scrupulously sorted out before using the fruits for pulping. They may be dried separately as cherry.

Immature Berries	Mature Berries