Bakanae Disease or Foot Rot
(Gibberella Fujikuroi)

Symptoms
Infected plants several inches taller than normal plants in seedbed and field Thin plants with yellowish green leaves and pale green flag leaves Drying seedlings at early tillering Reduced tillering and drying leaves at late infection Partially filled grains, sterile, or empty grains for surviving plant at maturity In the seedbed, infected seedlings with lesions on roots die which may die before or after transplanting
	Bakane	Bakanae Disease (Gibberella Fujikuroi)
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		Identification of pathogen
		The pathogen sexually produces ascospores that are formed within a sac known as ascus. The asci are cylindrical, piston-shaped, flattened above, and are 90-102 x 7-9 µm. They are 4- to 6-spored but seldom 8-spored. Hyphae are branched and septate. The fungus has micro- and macroconidiophores bearing micro- and macroconidia, respectively. The sclerotia are 80 x 100 µm. They are dark blue and spherical. The stroma are more or less plectenchymatous and yellowish, brownish, or violet.
Gibberella Fujikorai Conidium	Micro and Macro Conidia of Bakane Disease
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Management Strategies
Clean seeds should be used to minimize the occurrence of the disease. Salt water can be used to separate lightweight, infected seeds from seed lots and thereby reduce seedborne inoculum. Seed treatment using fungicides such as thiram, thiophanate-methyl, or benomyl is effective before planting. Benomyl or benomyl-t at 1-2% of seed weight should be used for dry seed coating. Seed treatment with organo mercurials - Agrosan GN, Ceresan @ 2 g a.i./kg seed is highly effective; steeping seeds in 1% CuSO4 solution or 2% formalin also recommended.
	Benomyl	Separation of Chaffy Seeds using Salt Water
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